1. -1- KMUTT Energy Forum ครั้งที่ 6 เชื้อเพลิงเอทานอล ED95 คุณณัฐชาติ จารุจินดา ประธานเจ้าหน้าที่ปฏิบัติการกลุ่มธุรกิจปิโตรเลียมขั้นปลาย บริษัท ปตท. จำกัด (มหาชน) 5 เมษายน 2556

2. -2- Outline EU Roadmap Greenhouse Gas Emission Application of Ethanol Fuel in Sweden What is ED95 ? ED95 Engine ED95 in Thailand and PTT-Scania Collaboration Progress Comparison between normal diesel / NGV and ED95

3. -3- EU Roadmap – Greenhouse Gas Emissions l 2020 l 2010 l 2000 2005-2020: Minus 10%

4. -4- Sustainable Transport – Available Biofuels Ethanol from sugar cane < 90% Synthetic diesel from biomass < 80% Biodiesel FAME, RME, etc. < 70% Biogas from waste, sewage < 90% Best Case CO 2 reduction These fuels are available today

5. -5- Fuel Alternatives EthanolFAME/ RME Synthetic diesel BiogasMethanolDMEHydrogen Production capacity +-?-??? Local Emissions +?++?++ CO2/GHG reduction ++?++?- In vehicle +++--?- Handle & store +++--?- Comm. available Yes NoYesNo

6. -6- Engine TypeE85ED95 Fuel85% Ethanol95% Ethanol 15% Gasoline5% Additive Ethanol typeAnhydrous 99.5%Hydrous 95% Engine TechnologySpark Ignition EngineCompression Ignition ApplicationLight-Duty FFV (Flexible Fuel Vehicle) Heavy-Duty Diesel Base Engine Modification ManufacturerFord, Volvo, Saab, Peugeot, Citron, Skoda, Seat, Renault, VW SCANIA Application of Ethanol Fuel In Sweden Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuel_in_Sweden In heavy duty diesel application, the most applicable of ethanol fuel with high efficiency is ED95. E85 is, in general, not match with diesel application due to extremely high octane number. Ethanol for Dedicated Compression Ignition Engines (ED95)

7. -7- The composition of ED95 fuel : What is ED95 fuel ? ComponentAmount Anhydrous Ethanol; purity 95%95% Additive 5%  Ignition improver  Denaturant (by law)  Corrosion inhibitor  Lubricity additive ED95 is a pure ethanol fuel with additives for diesel engine adapted for ethanol

8. -8- Ethanol specification comparison Items, unitHydrous EtOH (for ED95) Anhydrous EtOH for gasohol Scania specMOE spec Total alcohol (EtOH&higher alcohol), %m/m Min 92.4Min 99.0 Higher saturated mono-alcohols (C3-C5), %m/m Max 2.0 MeOH, %m/mMax 0.5 Density@15 o C, Kg/m3 808-814- AppearanceBright&Clear, no visible impurity Flash point, o CMin 10- Acidity( as acetic acid), %m/m Max 0.0050Max 30 (mg/L) Aldehyde(as acetic aldehydes), %m/m Max 0.0250- Water, %m/m4.5-7.4Max 0.3 Items, unitHydrous EtOHAnhydrous EtOH for gasohol Scania specMOE spec Sulfur, mg/kgMax 10.0- Phosphorus, mg/lMax 0.20- Sulphates, mg/kgMax 4.0- Inorganic chloride, mg/kg Max 1.0Max 20 (mg/L) Copper, mg/kgMax 0.100Max 0.07 Dry residue, mg/kg Max 65- Tot. contamination, mg/kg Max 24- Electrical conductivity, uS/cm Max 5.0 Washed gum, mg/100ml -Max 5.0 pHe-6.5-9.0

9. -9- Handling and properties of ED959  ED95 is a stable fuel with long shelf life  Must be handled as gasoline for safety reasons ED95Diesel Density(kg/m3)810-830810-820 Flashpoint(°C)12>56 Cetane number~10>50 Biofuel (vol-%)>95<7 Energy content (MJ/kg)24.744.5 Energy content (MJ/litre)20.535.6 Properties of ED95

10. -10- ED95 fulfils the Euro 5 emission standard and EEV

11. -11- Scania ED95 Engine 3rd generation diesel-ethanol engine Based on the 9-litre Euro 4 diesel engine 270 hp, 1200 Nm Euro 5 and EEV Best available environmental standard 9-litre diesel engine 270 hp, 1200 Nm Thermal efficiency Ethanol up to 43% Diesel up to 44% Proven technology Cost efficient way to replace diesel

12. -12- Ethanol resistant fuel system (unit injectors) Increased fuel injector size (+75% at equal pressure) Very high compression ratio: 28:1 Ethanol compatible engine oil Reduced service interval Short route EGR, with venturi –to reduce NOx emissions (Euro 5 diesel EGR levels) Oxidation catalyst –eliminating CO and HC emissions ED95 piston 28:1 HSD piston 17:1 ED95 Engine

13. -13- Scania’s commitment to sustainability Vehicles, fuels, infrastructure…

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15. -15- ED95 Project in Thailand 9 Partners January 23 rd 2011 at Bangkok

16. -16- ED95 Project in Thailand

17. -17- PTT supported ED95 station (fuel system, pump, tank and dispenser) Additive imported from Brazil ED95 Project in Thailand

18. -18- ED95 Station 1. Storage EtOH and additive separated, mixed when fill in bus or truck 2. Storage finish ED95 (mixed EtOH and additive in tank) ED95 tank EtOH tank Additive tank

19. -19- PTT & Scania Siam Collaboration Project on ED95 Working Schedule Objective : To develop ED 95 formulation by using PTT ‘s additive Testing & Evalutaion by Scania : Engine Test : modified single cylinder ( CR = 28:1 ) Performance evaluation : Ignition delay Combustion Stability Conclusion : Scania approve PTT ED95 formulation

20. -20- E85 – 85 % anhydrous bioethanol, 15 % petrol – used in cars known as flexifuel vehicles (FFVs, purpose-built or converted petrol vehicles). The most noticeable activity in BEST is the introduction of flexifuel vehicles (FFVs) running on E85. -a mixture of 85 % ethanol and 15 % petrol. FFVs can run on E85, petrol, or any mixture of the two. The BEST evaluation shows that: FFV drivers and fleet managers are satisfied and recommend the vehicles to others. FFVs are reliable and run well. Service and maintenance are the same as for petrol cars, with the exception that FFVs require a change of oil and oil filters 1.5–2 times as often. The purchase price of FFVs is about the same as that of petrol cars, whereas operating costs depend on fuel prices. Using and handling E85 is as safe as using petrol, but the risks are slightly different. Driving FFVs can result in significant greenhouse gas emissions savings providing the ethanol fuel is produced in an efficient and sustainable way.

21. -21- ItemsNGVED 95 Fuel FormulationCNG 100 %95% hydrous + 5% additive EngineDedicated CNG Heavy Dutybioethanol-adapted compression ignition engine LubeNeed special lube Service StationNGV Service StationSame as E85 Fuel Consumption *1.7 – 2.7 km./kg equivalent to 3.4- 5.4 km./l normal diesel 1.2 – 1.8 km./l Fuel Price10.5 baht / kg > 32 baht / l Fuel Cost, baht/km5.55 – 10.517.78 – 26.67 Vehicle Cost, Mbaht 6 - 78 Comparison between NGV and ED95 for heavy duty vehicles * Reference : KMIT ED95 Project

22. -22- ItemsDieselED 95 Fuel FormulationDiesel ( B5 )95% hydrous + 5% additive EngineNormal diesel enginebioethanol-adapted compression ignition engine LubeNormal diesel engine oil at same ODI Need special lube Service StationNormalSame as E85 Fuel Consumption *1.8 – 2.7 km./l1.2 – 1.8 km./l Fuel Price29.99 baht / kg > 32 baht / l Fuel Cost, baht/km11.11 – 16.6617.78 – 26.67 Vehicle Cost, Mbaht58 Comparison between Diesel and ED95 for heavy duty vehicles * Reference : KMIT ED95 Project

23. -23- แหล่งที่มา : ข้อมูลจาก รายงานประจำปี 2554 กรมควบคุมมลพิษ All emission emitted by ED95 bus comparing to diesel is totally less than diesel, while the PM and CO are higher than CNG bus.

24. -24- Thank you