1. The Era of the Common Man

2.  Andrew Jackson vs. John Quincy Adams  Jackson was billed as the “common man” while Adams was portrayed as an “aristocratic elitist”  Jackson won both the popular and electoral vote in a majority

3.  1767 – 1845  Democrat  7 th president  Nicknamed “Old Hickory,” a tribute to his background as a frontiersman  War hero from both War of 1812 and Seminole Indian War  First president to survive an assassination attempt

4.  Suffrage extended to any adult white male  Jackson was 1 st president to come from background of poverty, so he was the hero of the common man  Still, Jackson hated Native Americans and supported slavery  http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=vYh7pato4uE&fe ature=related http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=vYh7pato4uE&fe ature=related

5.  Jackson began new tradition of dismissing what had been career government officials and replacing them with his party’s loyal followers  This still happens today – Presidents reward their supporters with important government jobs

6.  1800 – 1831  Virginia slave who had religious “visions”  Practiced as a Baptist preacher (nicknamed “The Prophet” by other slaves)  Believed that God called on him to lead a slave rebellion

7.  August 21, 1831  Slave uprising that resulted in the deaths of 56 whites in VA  Quickly suppressed by the militia, dozens of slaves (including Turner) were executed for their roles in the rebellion  Led to harsher slave codes- bans throughout the South on educating slaves and allowing slaves to freely assemble without white supervision

8.  1832: South Carolina declared new tariffs unconstitutional and thereby nullified  John C. Calhoun resigned as Vice-President to support SC position as a senator  Jackson considered this treasonous and prepared to use military force on SC to enforce the tariffs  SC threatened to secede (leave the US) if high tariffs weren’t repealed

9.  Henry Clay delayed passage of the Force Bill which would give Jackson permission to take military action against SC until he could force through a bill that would gradually reduce tariffs over the next 10 years  Once this compromise tariff was passed, SC repealed its nullification and crisis was averted

10.  Jackson disliked the Bank  Congress passed a bill extending the Bank’s charter in 1832, but Jackson vetoed; instead, Jackson withdrew all of the federal governments deposits from the Bank and moved them to state banks or “pet banks”  National Bank no longer had money to lend and closed

11.  Turn to page 257  Look at “Analyzing Political Cartoons”  Answer 1 & 2

12.  1834: National Republican Party changed its name to the Whig Party  “Whigs” in England were people who opposed the power of the king; American Whigs felt that Andrew Jackson had been abusive of his power as president

13.  Jackson supported his VP Martin Van Buren as his successor  Van Buren easily won the Democratic nomination at convention (1 st time national party convention used)  Whigs could not settle on one candidate to run and so their votes were split; Van Buren won

14.  1782 – 1862  Democrat  8 th President (1837-41)  Former Vice-President and Secretary of State under Jackson  Lost presidential elections of 1840 and 1848

15.  State banks loaned money freely without the National Bank to oversee them  Loaned more money than they had, leading to failure of many of the banks  Inflation soared, unemployment rose, businesses closed, many people lost everything  Ruined Van Buren’s presidency

16.  Whigs nominated war hero William Henry Harrison after Henry Clay and Daniel Webster each proved too divisive to win majority support within the party  Harrison easily defeated Van Buren

17.  1773 – 1841  Whig  9 th President (1841)  Nicknamed “Old Tippecanoe” from his fame as hero of Northwest Indian War  Shortest tenure in US history – president for only 32 days before dying of pneumonia

19.  1808: Congress banned the importation of new slaves  1820: 1.5 million slaves in US  1850: 4 million slaves in US  Demand for slaves grew as demand for cotton grew

20.  1850: South’s white pop = 6 million  1850: South’s slave pop = 3.6 million  350,000 slave owners  37,000 owned 20+ slaves  8,000 owned 50+ slaves  11 owned 500+ slaves

21.  1825 – 1855: 5 million European immigrants arrived  Arrived poor, concentrated in ethnic neighborhoods  Created a cheap labor force for Northern factories  NYC Immigrant Central

22.  Many Americans began to oppose immigration and promote the rights of “Native” Americans  Resented immigrants taking jobs from American citizens

23.  1840s – 1850s  Anti-Catholic nativist group  To be a member, had to be a male Protestant of English descent over the age of 21  If questioned about the group, members would reply, “I know nothing”  Briefly became a political party, with some success in Massachusetts and Illinois  Broke apart due to divisions over slavery issue

24.  Didn’t want to compete with freed slaves for jobs, so supported Southern slave owners!  Many Irish, in fact, would fight for the South in the Civil War

25.  Causes of growth:  Urbanization: people move from country to cities  Immigration: European immigrants arrived at northern ports, tended to stay in north or go west

26.  Number of seats in the House of Representatives is based purely on population, so North was gaining control of one house of Congress  Slaves only counted as 3/5ths of a person in the 3/ 5ths compromise  naturalized immigrants counted as a whole person for population counts

27.  North  Economy based on the “factory system”: manufacturing and commerce  Relied on plentiful immigrant labor  Favored high tariffs that protected US industries  Wanted a strong federal government to build transportation networks, protect trade, and regulate the economy  South  Economy based on the “plantation system”: large- scale farming of cash crops  Relied on slave labor  Opposed to high tariffs – imported many European goods, feared Europeans would retaliate by putting tariffs on Southern agricultural exports  Favored strong state government, feared a strong federal government would restrict slavery

28.  3 events/people that promoted nationalism.  2 events/people that promoted sectionalism.  1 example of how nativism brought division to the country