2. English Modal Verbs ?

3. Section Two Simple Modal Verbs Section Three Past forms of Modal Verbs and their functions Section One Basic Information about Modal Verbs Section Four Final Test

4. What are Modal Verbs ? Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very differently from normal verbs. Here are some important differences:

5. 1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person. EXAMPLES: He can speak Russian. She should go now. My wife may join us for the dinner.

6. 2. You use "not" to make modal verbs negative, even in Simple Present and Simple Past. EXAMPLES: You should not be late. I can not come to at 6pm. He may not like this idea. You must not disturb him now, he is busy.

7. 3. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses (MUST) or the future tenses (CAN). Have to i nstead of must Be able to i nstead of can EXAMPLES: He will be able to go with us. She had to study very hard.

8. 4. After a modal verb infinitive forms don’t have the preposition TO. EXAMPLES: She can to play the piano very well She can play the piano very well They must to go home. They must go home.

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10. Which sentence has a modal verb? We have been arguing over this issue for half and hour, let’s change the topic. We have been arguing over this issue for half and hour, let’s change the topic. That computer is not working properly. You should ask someone to fix it That computer is not working properly. Let’s visit our grandpa, we have not seen him since Christmas. Let’s visit our grandpa, we have not seen him since Christmas.

11. Well Done!

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13. Please choose the correct sentence He cans climb the rocks. He can climb the rocks. He canned climb the rocks.

14. Fantastic!

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16. Please choose correct negative form of modal verb I don’t can do it now, I am very busy till 5pm. You must don’t smoke here, this place is smoke free. You must don’t smoke here, this place is smoke free. He should not delay his assignments, he may not get good grades. He should not delay his assignments, he may not get good grades.

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19. Section Two Simple Modal Verbs “Can”“May”“Must”

20. 1. to express general ability 2. to express possibility / impossibility 3. to ask a permission (informal)

21. EXAMPLES: I can sing and play the guitar. Anyone can learn how to use Computers if they want to. Can you help me to fix my door? Take the test Back to section two

22. 1. to express possibility/probability 2. to ask or to give a permission (formal) 3. to make requests

23. EXAMPLES: He may come late today. You may use my Computer now. May I make a phone call? Take the test Back to section two

24. 1. to express duty /obligation 2. to express certainty, logic deduction 3. to express necessity 4. to make a strong recommendation

25. EXAMPLES: You must pay the rent before the end of the month. You must be tired now, you have worked all day long. I must have a visa to go to Canada. You must eat this cake. It is delicious! Take the test Back to section two

26. If you want to get to know the city better you_______________ walk around and explore it. Choose the best answer WillDoCan

27. See the rules

28. Can MayMust

29. Today is cloudy, it ________________ rain. Choose the best answer MayCanDoes

30. CanMay Must

31. See the rules

32. Choose the best answer Ted's flight from the USA took more than 11 hours. He ________________ be exhausted after such a long flight. MayMustCan

34. See the rules

35. Can If you have not studied one of these verbs, click on it. MayMust If you have, click here Quit Continue

36. “Could” “Would” “Should” & Ought to “Might” Section Three Past forms of some Modal Verbs and their functions

37. 1. to express general ability in the past, because it is the past form of the “Can” 2. to express possible future actions similar to “May and Might” in meaning 3. to make a request or ask something 4. to express unreal or impossible actions

38. EXAMPLES: We tried hard but we could not persuade them to come with us. My grandfather could not swim. When you go to England, you could stay with Ben. Could you tell me what time it is? I don’t know how she works 14 hours a day in front of the computer, I could not do this. Take the test #1 Back to section three Take the test #2

39. 1. to express future in the past because it is the past form of “Will” 2. to express unreal action in the present 3. to ask someone to do something (request)

40. EXAMPLES: He told me that he would come and fix this computer yesterday. I would be very frightened if someone pointed a gun at me. Would you please help me with my homework?. Take the test #1 Back to section three Take the test #2

41. 1. to ask for or give advice or recommendation 2. to express a moral obligation and duty 3. often after these verbs: suggest, propose, recommend, insist, demand.

42. EXAMPLES: I think you should stop smoking, drinking and messing around. You ought to do something useful. The government ought to give students a grant They insisted that we should have dinner with them. Take the test #1 Back to section three Take the test #2

43. 1. to give or ask permission, or possibility in the past, because it is the past form of “May” 2. to express future or present possibility and probability 3. Interchangeably with “May” quite often with no difference in meaning.

44. EXAMPLES: She said that he might come in and use her kitchen. He might be having lunch by now. It might rain tomorrow. There may/might not be a meeting tonight, because the director is ill. I may/might go to Italy this summer. Take the test #1 Back to section three Take the test #2

45. Your brother was ill, therefore he _____ go out for a walk. # 1. Choose the correct modal verb Can’tMustn’tCouldn’t

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47. Outstanding!!! Back to section three

48. If he were here, he ____ help you. # 2. Choose the correct modal verb MayCanCouldn’tCould

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50. Terrific !!! Back to section three

51. Mr. Bond said if she was busy at 10 o'clock, he ____ come to see her later. # 1. Choose the correct verb MayCanWouldMust

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53. Super!!! Back to section three

54. This house ____ look better if they paint it, cut the grass and plant flowers. # 2. Choose the correct modal verb MayCanWouldMust

55. Back to the Rule Quit

56. Well done!!! Quit Continue Back to section three

57. Oh, you are seriously ill. I think you... see a doctor. # 1. Choose the correct modal verb WouldShouldMayCould

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59. Good Job!!! Back to section three

60. # 2.Choose the correct modal verb The teacher thinks that all the students _____ do their test immediately. WouldShouldMustCould

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62. Outstanding!!! Back to section three

63. He said that I ____ play any CD from his collection while he was gone. # 1. Choose the correct modal verb MayShouldMustMight

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65. Good Job!!! Back to section three

66. By 8:30 he ________be watching the football match on television, but I’m not sure. # 2. Choose the correct modal verb WouldCanMightShould

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68. Good Job!!! Back to section three

69. I challenge you to take this Quit Continue Section FSection Four Final Test

70. Choose a Test Question Number OneTwoThreeFiveFour Quit

71. #1. Choose the best answer You _____ break the body but you _____ break the spirit. may / can not could / can not must / should can / might not

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73. Good Job!!! Back to section four

74. #2. Choose the best answer I know perfectly well that I ______ go to the doctor but I don’t have much time. should ShouldShouldn’t MustMustn’t Can

75. Back to the Rule

76. Outstanding!!! Back to section five

77. #3. Choose the best answer Oh, Mary, you ______ tell the truth to your mother. She _______ help you. can't / should Shouldn’t / might ought to/ can ought to/ mustn’t / could help

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79. Bravo!!! Back to section four

80. #4. Choose the best answer They ____________smoke in here. It is forbidden by law. Mustn’t Should Must Can

81. Back to the Rule

82. Spot on!!! Back to section four

83. #5. Choose the best answer You have no temperature now, so you needn't stay in bed any longer. You ___ eat what ever you like, but you... drink any alcohol until you have finished taking tablets. And you... stay indoors for three-four days. After you... go out for short walks. If you want to get well soon you... to follow all these instructions. could/need/don't have to/must/must might/could/had to/could/are able have to/might/had to/could/should can/mustn't/should/can/will have

84. Back to review section two Back to review section three

85. Wow!!! Back to section four

86. For more Information about English Modal verbs please Click here Quit

87. Modal Verbs + Perfectives? Quit Continue Section Four Compound Modal Verbs and their functions

88. Modal Verbs + Perfective May/Might/Could + Have + Past Participle Must + Have + Past Participle Should + Have + Past Participle Would + Have + Past Participle

89. Examples: When I was sleeping last night, it may/might/could have rained. I can’t find my notebook in my office, I may/might/could have left it in the cafeteria. to express the possibility or probability in the past, it is not certain if it happened or not. May/Might/Could + Have + Past Participle Take the test Back to section four

90. A) Why didn’t Tom answer the doorbell? I am sure he was in the house at the time. B) He ____ have been in the bath. Choose the incorrect answer CouldMightMayCan

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92. Outstanding!!!

93. Examples: Amira made an excellent presentation, she must have prepared a lot for it. When I came home in the middle of the night, I unintentionally made a lot of noise, you must have heard me. to express the certainty in the past. Must + Have + Past Participle Take the test Back to section four

94. When I woke up this morning, the light was on. I _____ have forgotten to turn it off. Choose the correct modal verb Couldn’tShouldCanMust

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96. Awesome!!! Quit Continue

97. Examples: I feel sick now, I should not have eaten so much chocolate. I am so sorry to hear that you got a bad grade for this class, you should have studied more. to criticize some action in the past that did not happen. Should + Have + Past Participle Take the test Back to section four

98. The driver in the front stopped so suddenly without warning, I drove into the back of his car. It wasn’t my fault. He ______ have stopped so suddenly. Choose the correct modal verb Wouldn’tShouldn’tCan’tMay not

99. Back to the Rule

100. Well Done!!!

101. Examples: Why didn’t you call me? I would have come and helped you, and you wouldn’t have received this bill. If I had known that you were in Washington DC,I would have made arrangements to see you. to talk about unreal situations in the past, usually in If sentences. Would + Have + Past Participle Take the test Back to section four

102. If you had been more careful, you _____ have broken this vase. Choose the correct modal verb Wouldn’tShouldn’tCan’tMay not

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104. Yey!!!