2.  I. The clergy of the Roman Catholic Church form the 1 st Estate  II. The Second Estate consist of rich Nobles, who own 20% of Land and pay no Taxes  III. The other 98% of People make up the 3 rd Estate They are heavily Taxed and discontented

3.  IV. New ideas about the power of the People take hold  V. Food Shortages, a harsh winter and government debt cause instability in France  VI. Louis XVI finally calls a meeting of the Estates General to deal with the crisis

4. VII. Third Estate delegates in the Estates- General demand more rights VIII. In the first deliberate act of revolution, the Third Estate delegates vote to establish the National Assembly. IX. Peasants overthrow the Bastille on July 14 th 1789, and the Revolution begins in earnest

5.  X.A senseless panic called the Great Fear leads to great destruction in the French countryside  XI. Women angered by the price of Bread march on Versailles and compel the royal family to move to Paris

6. The National Assembly sweeps away the Privileges of the Nobility and Clergy Louis XVI is caught as he tries to flee from France The Legislative assembly is given the power to create laws Fearing the loss of their own positions, European monarchs support Louis XVI, and France declares war on Austria. Louis XVI is imprisoned after a Parisian mob invades the royal palace

7.  The Great Fear ▪ Inflamed by famine and rumors ▪ Peasants fury unleashed on nobles  Paris Commune comes to power. ▪ Factions compete to gain power. ▪ Paris Commune mobilizes neighborhoods

8. -Special Privilege ends. Nobles vote to end their own privileges. Delegates abolish feudalism – Declaration of the Rights of Man Modeled on the American Declaration of Independence. Equal rights for women not granted – Women march on Versailles Anger at Marie Antoinette’s extravagant lifestyle Demand that the king return to Paris

9.  The Church is placed under state control. ▪ Civil Constitution ends papal authority and dissolves convents and monasteries. ▪ Angry reaction by bishops, priests, pope, and French peasants.  The Constitution of 1791 establishes a new government. ▪ Replaces absolute monarch with limited monarchy ▪ Reflects enlightenment goals.

10. Robespierre gains control of the Revolutionary Government. Robespierre institutes the Reign of Terror, a time of thousands of arbitrary executions. The Reign of Terror ends with the execution of Robespierre.

11.  The third new constitution gives power to the upper middle class, and the government finds a new general, Napoleon Bonaparte, to lead the army  Napoleon wins key battles to save the French Republic  Napoleon seizes political control from the Directory

12.  Napoleon’s successes in battle and diplomacy lead to peace in Europe.  Napoleon gains power; voters approve a fourth constitution  Napoleon gives France order and stability  Napoleonic code establishes a uniform set of laws in France  Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of France

13.  Napoleon tries to expand his empire in the Americas but fails in Saint Domingue  The United States buys the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon  Napoleon conquers much of Europe, but his navy is defeated in the Battle of Trafalgar

14. 1 st mistake In a policy known as the Continental system, Napoleon unsuccessfully attempt to cut off trade between Great Britain & Main land Europe 2 nd mistake The Peninsular War in Spain inflames Spanish nationalism and weakens France. Lost 300,000 men 3 rd mistake The French invasion of Russia fails, with the terrible loss of life.

15.  Austria, Russia, & Prussia unite against a weakened Napoleon  Napoleon surrenders and is banished to Elba  Napoleon escapes and briefly regains power (100 days) until he is defeated by British and Prussian forces at Waterloo

16.  Metternich influences European Rulers to restore stability to Europe  France is kept intact, and a balance of power is established in Europe  Under the Principle of legitimacy, rulers deposed by Napoleon are restored to power

17.  The Congress of Vienna make fair settlements and produces a lasting peace  A series of alliances, called the Concert of Europe, allows nations to help one another in case of internal revolutions.  Nationalism grows, and democratic ideas begin to take hold in European Nations