1. Kingdom Fungi  Some of the most important organisms, both in terms of their ecological and economic roles.  Decomposers that break down dead organic matter – allow the cycle of nutrients through ecosystems Section 21-1 Go to Section:

2. Kingdom Fungi  Many vascular plants could not grow without the symbiotic fungi, or mycorrhizae, that inhabit their roots and supply essential nutrients Section 21-1 Go to Section:

3. Kingdom Fungi Provide numerous drugs: penicillin and other antibiotics Foods like mushrooms, truffles and morels, and the bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer. Section 21-1 Go to Section:

4. Kingdom Fungi fungi are among the least understood life forms. Only 80,000 of an estimated 1.5 million species have been identified. They have been found in every ecosystem where they have been sought, including deserts, glacial ice and deep sea thermal vents. Section 21-1 Go to Section:

5. Kingdom Fungi Cause a number of plant and animal diseases: in humans, ringworm, athlete's foot, and several more serious diseases are caused by fungi. Because fungi are more chemically and genetically similar to animals than other organisms, this makes fungal diseases very difficult to treat. Go to Section:

6. Kingdom Fungi All fungi are multicellular EXCEPT Yeast, Ascomycota Most fungi are made up of filaments called hyphae Mycelium – a tangled mass of hyphae, mostly underground Fruiting body is hyphae above ground- reproduction Go to Section:

7. Kingdom Fungi Fungi under the microscope: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/whri/st udy/currentstudents/hrrhag/photos/fungi/ http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/whri/st udy/currentstudents/hrrhag/photos/fungi/ http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/oc t2000.html http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/oc t2000.html Go to Section:

8. Hyphae Without Cross Walls Nuclei Cell wall Nuclei Cytoplasm Cross wall Cell wall Cytoplasm Hyphae With Cross Walls Section 21-1 Hyphae Structure Go to Section:

9. Mycelium Fruiting body Hyphae Section 21-1 Figure 21-2 The Structure of a Mushroom Go to Section:

10. 21–2 Classification of Fungi A.The Common Molds: Zygomycetes 1.Structure and Function of Molds 2.Life Cycle of Molds B.The Sac Fungi: Ascomycetes 1.Life Cycle of Sac Fungi 2.Yeasts C.The Club Fungi: Basidiomycetes 1.Life Cycle of Club Fungi 2.Diversity of Club Fungi 3.Edible and Inedible Mushrooms D.The Imperfect Fungi: Deuteromycetes Section 21-2 Section Outline Go to Section:

11. Concept Map are divided into the phyla includes Section 21-2 Fungi Common molds Imperfect fungi Sac fungi Club fungi AscomycotaZygomycotaBasidiomycota Deuteromycota Go to Section:

12. FERTILIZATION Diploid Haploid MEIOSIS Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Zygospore (2N) Spores (N) Sporangium Zygospore (2N) + Mating type (N) Stolons Rhizoids - Mating type (N) Spores (N) Sporangiophore Sporangium Gametangia Section 21-2 Figure 21-5 The Life Cycle of Rhizopus Go to Section:

13. FERTILIZATION MEIOSIS HYPHAE FUSE Diploid Haploid Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Section 21-2 Figure 21-7 The Life Cycle of an Ascomycete Go to Section: Hypha (N) Conidiophore Conidia (N) + Mating type (N) - Mating type (N) 8 Ascospores (N) Ascus Zygote (2N) Ascus (N + N) Fruiting body (N + N) Hyphae (N + N) Gametangia Asci Hyphae (N)

14. FERTILIZATION MEIOSIS HYPHAE FUSE Fruiting body (N + N) Button Secondary mycelium (N + N) Primary mycelium (N) + Mating type (N) - Mating type (N) Basidiospores (N) Zygote (2N) Basidia (N + N) Gills lined with basidia Gills Stalk Base Cap Haploid Diploid Section 21-2 Figure 21-8 The Life Cycle of a Basidiomycete Go to Section:

15. Which Fungi Are They? You may recall that decomposers break down the remains of other organisms. Parasites are organisms that harm other organisms while living on or within them. Some live in close contact and form a mutually beneficial association with other species. Section 21-3 Interest Grabber Go to Section:

16. 1.A network of fungi covers the roots of fir trees. The trees provide the fungi with food, and the fungi help the tree roots absorb water. 2.Fungi living on growing corn stalks destroy corn kernels. 3.Mushrooms growing on a fallen log obtain food from the decaying wood. Section 21-3 Interest Grabber continued Classify each of the following fungi as decomposers, parasites, or organisms that live in a mutually beneficial relationship with another species. Go to Section:

17. 21–3Ecology of Fungi A.All Fungi Are Heterotrophs B.Fungi as Decomposers C.Fungi as Parasites 1.Plant Diseases 2.Human Diseases 3.Other Animal Diseases D.Symbiotic Relationships 1.Lichens 2.Mycorrhizae Section 21-3 Section Outline Go to Section:

18. Densely packed hyphae Layer of algae/ cyanobacteria Loosely packed hyphae Densely packed hyphae Section 21-3 Lichen Structure Go to Section: