1. Fungi
Kingdom #4
Wake County
Biology Curriculum

2. Fungi Facts: Eukaryotic Heterotrophic
Multicellular (except for yeasts)
Most are DECOMPOSERS (saprophytes): they recycle nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes that break down the bodies of other organisms, and then they absorb the nutrients.
Cell walls are made of chitin (also in exoskeletons of insects)
Is this a homologous or analogous structure?

3. Fungi Facts (continued):
hyphae
mycelium
fruiting body

4. Fruiting body: the reproductive structure of a fungus.
Spores (reproductive cells) are produced on the underside of the mushroom on structures called gills.

5. wildmanstevebrill.com

6. Mushroom
Cross section of Gills
Gills with spores

7. mycelium
The mycelium is the underground part of the mushroom. It absorbs nutrients as it spreads out. When conditions are right, fruiting bodies pop up around the outer edge of the mycelium forming a circle of mushrooms. These structures are called “fairy rings.”

8. topturf.net

9. Mycelium
Fruiting body
Hyphae

10. Fungi Reproduction Asexual Hyphae break off and grow on their own.
Spores
Sexual
+ and – gametes which fuse to become a zygote
Zygote undergoes meiosis and forms haploid cells

11. are divided into the phyla
Fungi
are divided into the phyla
Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Deuteromycota
includes
includes
includes
includes
Common molds
Sac fungi
Club fungi
Imperfect fungi

12. Think: bread mold. Common Mold- Zygomycota Rhizopus stolonifer
Diploid
Haploid
FERTILIZATION
MEIOSIS
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Zygospore (2N)
Spores (N)
Sporangium
+ Mating type (N)
Stolons
Rhizoids
- Mating type (N)
Sporangiophore
Gametangia
Rhizopus stolonifer
Think: bread mold.

13. Mold growing on a lemon

14. Sac Fungi: Ascomycota
Morel
(edible)

15. Ascomycota - Yeasts
Saccharomyces– yeast used for cooking, uses fermentation which releases carbon dioxide.
- What kind of respiration is this???

16. Life Cycle of a Club Fungi (Basidiomycota)

17. Coral Fungi
Shelf Fungi
Conch Fungi
Puffballs

18. Imperfect Fungi- Deuteromycota
“Imperfect” fungi—Reproductive cycle is unknown
ex. Pennicillium notatum (where we get Pennicillin)

19. Fungi Symbiosis
Lichens: a mutual relationship between a fungi and an algae. Why? Fungi are resistant to cold/drought, the algae provides food through photosynthesis Result: Lichens can survive harsh environments

20. botit.botany.wisc.edu
picasaweb.google.com

22. Fungi Symbiosis Mycorrhizae: soil fungi attached to plant roots
Why? Plants absorb nutrients, water, and minerals while fungi receives food from plant .
~80% of all plants have mycorrhizae
Con: drains a substantial amount of carbon from the plant

23. apsnet.org

24. cof.orst.edu

25. Common
Fungal Diseases
mythology2010.wikispac

26. Fungal Diseases
hardinmd.lib.uiowa.edu
Ring worm: Caused by an infection of a fungus on the skin. Closely related to athletes foot and jock itch.
Athlete’s foot: caused by an infection of a fungus on the skin of the feet
Spread by walking where infected feet have trod – this is a great reason to wear flip-flops in a gym shower!

27. Fungal Diseases
hardinmd.lib.uiowa.edu
Nail fungus: caused by a fungus that grows under the finger or toenails. Several kinds of fungi can cause nail fungus.
Mold spore inhalation: Mold that grows on water damaged materials produce spores that can cause many physical problems such as headaches, nausea, allergies, and even death.

28. Animal Parasites
Cordyceps - infects insects and kills them from the inside out.

29. Dutch Elm Disease - a disease in elm trees - caused by a fungi which blocks the xylem tissues of the tree and cuts off the transport of water

30. treedoctor.anr.msu.edu

31. Chestnut Blight: a disease in American chestnuts caused by a fungi which blocks the xylem tissues of the tree (in the same way and with the same effect as dutch elm disease)

32. Chestnut Blight:

33. Most American Chestnuts have been destroyed in their original habitat 

34. patacf.org

35. Other Plant Fungal Diseases
Corn Smut
Wheat Rust
Leaf spots on Holly