1. CHAPTER 10: AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE
CHAPTER 10.1: IMPERIALISM & AMERICA
CHAPTER 10.2: THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
CHAPTER 10.3: ACQUIRING NEW LANDS
CHAPTER 10.4: AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER

2. CHAPTER 10.1: IMPERIALISM & AMERICA
THIS SECTION IS ABOUT HOW BEGINNING IN 1867 GLOBAL COMPETITION CAUSED THE U.S. TO EXPAND.

3. AMERICAN EXPANSIONISM
AMERICA FOLLOWS EUROPEAN POWERS’ POLICY OF IMPERIALISM
STRONGER NATIONS EXTEND CONTROL OVER WEAKER TERRITORIES
EUROPEANS CONTROLLED AFRICA & WERE MOVING ON ASIA

4. AMERICAN EXPANSIONISM CONT.
3 FACTORS FUELING IMPERIALISM
MILITARY STRENGTH
ADMIRAL MAHAN-U.S. MUST BUILD-UP NAVY TO COMPETE WITH WORLD POWERS, BECAME 3RD LARGEST
NEW MARKETS
U.S. PRODUCED MORE FOOD & GOODS THAN NEEDED HERE, BUT NEEDED MARKETS TO SELL GOODS & MORE RAW MATERIALS
BELIEF IN CULTURAL SUPERIORITY
MANY IN U.S. BELIEVED IT WAS AMERICANS’ JOB TO SPREAD CIVILIZATION & CHRISTIANITY

5. THE U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA
1867 SEC. OF STATE W. SEWARD BUYS ALASKA FOR $7.2 MILLION FROM RUSSIANS
DOUBTERS CALLED IT “SEWARD’S FOLLY” OR “SEWARD’S ICE BOX”
.02 CENTS AN ACRE
NEW SOURCE OF TIMBER, MINERALS & OIL
1959 ALASKA BECOMES 49TH STATE

6. THE U.S. TAKES HAWAII 1867 U.S. TAKES MIDWAY ISLANDS IN PACIFIC OCEAN
HAWAII HELD STRATEGIC PACIFIC CROSSING LOCATION
AMERICANS OWNED SUGAR PLANTATIONS ON ISLANDS
1887 U.S. BUILT NAVAL BASE AT PEARL HARBOR
G. CLEVELAND RECOGNIZED REPUBLIC OF HAWAII
W. McKINLEY FAVORED ANNEXATION OF HAWAII
U.S. SENDS MARINES TO OVERTHROW QUEEN , CONGRESS PROCLAIMS HAWAII A TERRITORY TO PROTECT WEALTHY AMERICAN SUGAR OWNERS
BECAME 50TH STATE IN 1959

7. CHAPTER 10.2: THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
THIS SECTION IS ABOUT HOW IN 1898 THE U.S. WENT TO WAR WITH SPAIN TO HELP CUBA GAIN INDEPENDENCE.

8. CUBANS REBEL AGAINST SPAIN
CUBA ONLY 90 MILES FROM SOUTH FLORIDA
U.S. HAD HEAVY INVESTMENTS IN CUBAN SUGAR CANE PLANTATIONS
1895 CUBA’S SECOND REVOLUTION
EXILES LED BY JOSE MARTI REVOLTED
ATTACKED AMERICAN OWNED PROPERTY
WANTED TO PROVOKE U.S. TO HELP

9. WAR FEVER ERUPTS AMERICANS DIVIDED YELLOW JOURNALISM BEGINS
SUPPORT SPAIN FOR ECONOMIC GAIN
SUPPORT CUBANS FOR FREEDOM & INDEPENDENCE, “CUBA LIBRE!”
YELLOW JOURNALISM BEGINS
HEARST & PULITZER PRINT EXAGGERATED ACCOUNTS OF CUBAN REVOLT TO SELL PAPERS
HEARST TELLS ARTIST F. REMINGTON “YOU FURNISH THE PICTURES & I’LL FURNISH THE WAR.”

10. WAR FEVER ERUPTS DE LOME LETTER
SPANISH MINISTER’S LETTER STOLEN BY A CUBAN REBEL
CRITICIZED PRES. MCKINLEY, CALLED HIM WEAK
ATTACK ON U.S. PRESIDENT ANGERED AMERICANS

11. WAR FEVER ERUPTS THE U.S.S. MAINE 2/15/1898 EXPLODES IN HAVANA HARBOR
268 U.S. SAILORS KILLED
SPAIN BLAMED FOR THE ATTACK
“REMEMBER THE MAINE, TO HELL WITH SPAIN”

12. WAR WITH SPAIN ERUPTS 4/20/1898 U.S. DECLARES WAR ON SPAIN
“REMEMBER THE MAINE” BECOMES WAR SLOGAN
U.S. LAUNCHES SURPRISE ATTACK ON SPANISH CONTROLLED PHILIPPINES
COMMODORE DEWEY DESTROYS SPANISH FLEET IN HOURS
BY AUGUST U.S. & FILIPINO REBELS DEFEAT SPAIN

13. WAR WITH SPAIN ERUPTS JUNE 1898 U.S. TROOPS LAND IN CUBA
17,000 AMERICANS
TR & ROUGH RIDERS
U.S. WINS BATTLES OF SAN JUAN HILL & KETTLE HILL, TR DECLARED A NATIONAL HERO
JULY 25, 1898 U.S. INVADES PUERTO RICO

14. WAR WITH SPAIN ERUPTS TREATY OF PARIS 8/12/1898 ENDS WAR WITH SPAIN
SEC. OF STATE JOHN HAY SAYS “A SPLENDID LITTLE WAR”
SPAIN FREES CUBA
U.S. GOT GUAM, PUERTO RICO & BOUGHT PHILIPPINES FOR $20 MILLION

15. WAR WITH SPAIN ERUPTS DEBATE OVER U.S. IMPERIALISM
PRES. MCKINLEY FOR IMPERIALISM
B.T. WASHINGTON, ANDREW CARNEGIE & SAM GOMPERS AGAINST IMPERIALISM
POLITICAL, ECONOMIC & MORAL REASONS AGAINST THE TAKING OF COUNTRIES

16. CHAPTER 10.3: ACQUIRING NEW LANDS
THIS SECTION IS ABOUT HOW, IN THE EARLY 1900s, THE U.S. ENGAGED IN CONFLICTS IN PUERTO RICO, CUBA & THE PHILIPPINES.

17. RULING PUERTO RICO U.S. OCCUPIES PR DURING WAR WITH SPAIN
PR UNDER U.S. MILITARY CONTROL
STRATEGICALLY IMPORTANT FOR U.S. PRESENCE IN CARIBBEAN
1900 FORAKER ACT
ENDED MILITARY RULE, SET-UP CIVILIAN GOV’T
U.S. PRES. APPOINTS PR GOVERNOR
1917 PRs GRANTED U.S. CITIZENSHIP
PR IS A U.S. TERRITORY AND HAS REFUSED STATEHOOD SEVERAL TIMES

18. CUBA & THE U.S. U.S. TROOPS OCCUPY CUBA AT END OF SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
U.S. MILITARY PROVIDES AID TO CUBA
1900 CUBA WRITES ITS’ OWN CONSTITUTION
1901 U.S. FORCES CUBA TO ADD PLATT AMENDMENT, MADE CUBA A U.S. PROTECTORATE
U.S. WOULD CONTROL SOME ASPECTS OF CUBAN GOV’T
U.S. COULD BUY/LEASE LAND FOR NAVAL BASE (GUANTANOMO BAY)
U.S. WANTED TO PROTECT BUSINESS INTERESTS IN CUBA, CARNEGIE WAS AGAINST COLONIZING NATIONS

19. FILIPINOS REBEL FILIPINOS OUTRAGED OVER U.S. ANNEXATION (TAKE OVER)
THE PHILIPPINES WERE A STRATEGIC GATEWAY TO ASIAN COUNTRIES INCLUDING CHINA
AGUINALDO (FILIPINO REBEL) VOWS TO FIGHT AMERICA FOR INDEPENDENCE

20. FILIPINOS REBEL 2/1899 PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR BEGINS
FILIPINOS USE GUERRILLA TACTICS
U.S. CRACKS DOWN ON CIVILIANS
3 YEAR WAR-COST $400 MILLION
20,000 FILIPINOS KILLED
4,000 AMERICANS KILLED
U.S. WINS, SETS-UP NEW GOV’T
PHILIPPINES BECOMES INDEPENDENT 7/4/1946

21. FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CHINA
EUROPEAN POWERS ALREADY IN CHINA; FRANCE, GERMANY & BRITAIN, JAPAN ALSO MOVING INTO CHINA
U.S. OPEN DOOR POLICY
SEC. STATE JOHN HAY FEARED CHINA WAS BEING CARVED INTO COLONIES
WRITES LETTERS TO FOREIGN POWERS “OPEN DOOR NOTES”
ASKED IF OTHER POWERS WOULD SHARE TRADING RIGHTS WITH U.S.
NO NATION WOULD HAVE MONOPOLY IN CHINA

22. FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CHINA
3 BELIEFS OF OPEN DOOR POLICY & AMERICA’S INDUSTRIAL CAPITALIST ECONOMY:
U.S. ECONOMIC GROWTH DEPENDED ON EXPORTS
U.S. HAD THE RIGHT TO INTERVENE OVERSEAS TO PROTECT MARKETS
CLOSING ANY AREA OF THE WORLD TO AMERICA THREATENED OUR SURVIVAL

23. FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CHINA
THE BOXER REBELLION
BOXERS-(MARTIAL ARTS SOCIETY) VOWED TO RID CHINA OF “FOREIGN DEVILS”
1900 REBELLION BEGINS
IN 2 MONTHS BOXERS KILL HUNDREDS OF FOREIGNERS & MISSIONARIES
TROOPS FROM BRITAIN, FRANCE, GERMANY, JAPAN & U.S. PUT DOWN REBELLION

24. THE IMPACT OF U.S. TERRITORIAL GAINS
1900 MCKINLEY WINS REELECTION SUPPORTING IMPERIALISM
MOST AMERICANS SUPPORTED U.S. IMPERIALISM
ANTI-IMPERIALISTS BELIEVED U.S. SHOULD NOT RULE OTHER PEOPLE WITHOUT THEIR CONSENT
W.J. BRYAN, GROVER CLEVELAND, ANDREW CARNEGIE, JANE ADDAMS & MARK TWAIN

25. CHAPTER 10.4: AMERICA AS A WORLD POWER
THIS SECTION IS ABOUT HOW AMERICAN INVOLVEMENT IN THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, THE BUILDING OF THE PANAMA CANAL & INTERVENTION INTO CENTRAL & LATIN AMERICA ADDED TO AMERICA’S POWER.

26. T. ROOSEVELT & THE WORLD TR BECOMES PRES. IN 1901
RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR 1904
JAPAN & RUSSIA FIGHTING OVER KOREA
JAPAN SECRETLY ASKS TR TO MEDIATE PEACE TALKS
TR WINS NOBEL PEACE PRIZE FOR ENDING WAR

27. T. ROOSEVELT & THE WORLD
TR BELIEVED U.S. NEEDED A CANAL ACROSS CENTRAL AMERICA
1903 U.S. BUYS CANAL RIGHTS FROM FRENCH CO.
U.S. HELPS PANAMA GAIN INDEPENDENCE FROM COLOMBIA
U.S. & PANAMA SIGN TREATY TO SELL/RENT LAND AS PART OF “CANAL ZONE”

28. T. ROOSEVELT & THE WORLD THE PANAMA CANAL 1904 CONSTRUCTION BEGINS
1914 CANAL OPENS
OVER 43,000 WORKERS
5,600 DIED DURING CONSTRUCTION
$380 MILLION TO BUILD
FASTER TRAVEL BETWEEN ATLANTIC & PACIFIC OCEANS
51 MILES LONG, USES LOCKS FOR DIFFERING OCEAN LEVELS

29. T. ROOSEVELT & THE WORLD
TR WANTS U.S. TO BE DOMINANT FOREIGN INFLUENCE IN CARIBBEAN & CENTRAL AMERICA
1823 MONROE DOCTRINE, PRES. MONROE WARNS EUROPEAN POWERS TO STAY OUT OF LATIN AMERICA
TR’S POLICY “SPEAK SOFTLY & CARRY A BIG STICK”
1904 ROOSEVELT COROLLARY-U.S. WOULD USE FORCE TO PROTECT INTERESTS IN LATIN AMERICA & WESTERN HEMISPHERE
TAFT CONTINUED WITH “DOLLAR DIPLOMACY” USE GOV’T LOANS & BANKS TO SUPPORT STRUGGLING NATIONS

30. WOODROW WILSON’S MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY
WILSON’S MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY ADDED MORAL TONE TO MONROE DOCTRINE
U.S. HAD MORAL RESPONSIBILITY TO NOT RECOGNIZE OPPRESSIVE, UNDEMOCRATIC OR HOSTILE LATIN AMERICAN GOVERNMENTS
WILSON PRESSURED WESTERN GOV’Ts TO BECOME DEMOCRACIES OR LOSE U.S. SUPPORT

31. WOODROW WILSON’S MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY
MEXICAN REVOLUTION 1911
U.S. BACKED MILITARY LEADER WHO WAS OVERTHROWN BY PEASANTS & WORKERS
1913 GENERAL HUERTA SEIZES GOV’T, WILSON REFUSES TO RECOGNIZE “A GOV’T OF BUTCHERS”
1914 U.S. INTERVENES IN MEXICO AFTER ARREST OF U.S. SAILORS
MARINES ORDERED TO VERACRUZ
18 AMERICANS KILLED IN INVASION
U.S. & MEXICO NEARLY GO TO WAR

32. WOODROW WILSON’S MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY
REBELLION IN MEXICO
REBEL LEADERS PANCHO VILLA (ROBIN HOOD FIGURE)& EMILIANO ZAPATA OPPOSE NEW AMERICAN BACKED GOV’T
VILLA THREATENS TO ATTACK U.S. FOR SUPPORTING NEW GOV’T
VILLA’S MEN KILL OVER 20 AMERICANS WORKING IN MEXICO

33. WOODROW WILSON’S MISSIONARY DIPLOMACY
THE HUNT FOR VILLA
WILSON ORDERS JOHN J. PERSHING & 15,000 TROOPS TO MEXICO TO CAPTURE VILLA “DEAD OR ALIVE”
1916 MEXICAN MILITARY ORDERED TO ATTACK U.S. ARMY IN MEXICO
1917 WILSON ORDERS PERSHING BACK TO U.S. AFTER 1 YEAR, U.S. INVOLVEMENT IN WWI SET TO BEGIN
VILLA LATER ASSASSINATED IN 1923