1. “It is not an instrument for the government to restrain the people, it is an instrument for the people to restrain the government - lest it come to dominate our lives and interests.” − Patrick Henry

2. Constitutional Convention The original states, except Rhode Island, collectively appointed 70 individuals to the Constitutional Convention, but a number did not accept or could not attend. Those who did not attend included Richard Henry Lee, Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Samuel Adams and, John Hancock. In all, 55 delegates attended the Constitutional Convention sessions, but only 39 actually signed the Constitution. The delegates ranged in age from Jonathan Dayton, aged 26, to Benjamin Franklin, aged 81, who was so infirm that he had to be carried to sessions in a sedan chair.

3. James Madison In his early twenties, he played a central role in writing the Constitution Considered the Father of the Constitution

4. Origins of the Constitution Magna Carta, 1215 British Parliament, 1295 The Mayflower Compact, 1620 English Bill of Rights, 1698 The Enlightenment, 1700s Virginia Statute for religious freedom, 1786

5. “It is the guide which I will never abandon.” − George Washington

6. “It is the result of the collected wisdom of our country.” − Thomas Jefferson

7. “It only guarantees the American people the right to pursue happiness. You have to catch it yourself.” − Benjamin Franklin

8. The Constitution  Preamble  7 Articles addressing the following principles 1.Popular Sovereignty 2.Limited Government 3.Federalism 4.Separation of Powers 5.Checks and Balances 6.Judicial Review  The Bill of Rights

9. Preamble We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

10. “Freedom is not limited to things that do not matter much. That would be a mere shadow of freedom. The test of its substance is the right to differ as to the things that touch the heart of the existing order.” - Justice Robert Jackson

11. 1.Students have the same rights in school as they do in the community. (- disagree – agree) 2.It is necessary for administrators to limit the rights of students in school. (– disagree – agree) 3.There should be more restrictions on students in school. (– disagree– agree) 4.I should be able to say anything I want in school. (- disagree – agree) 5.Only the police should be able to search a student in school. (– disagree – agree) 6.Schools should be allowed to conduct drug tests on student athletes. (– disagree – agree) 7.All students should have to say the pledge of allegiance in school. (– disagree – agree)

12. The Bill of Rights Questions Raised…

13. 1 st Amendment When can public tax dollars be used to support church-run schools? Can the government, in certain instances, control freedom of speech? Can newspapers publish information classified as secret by the government?

14. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/01/0 6/national/main7218193.shtml

15. http://www.freedomforum.org/templates/do cument.asp?documentID=17578

16. Two days after British authorities foiled a plot to blow up planes over the Atlantic, a young Arab activist named Raed Jarrar tried to board a Jet Blue flight at JFK wearing a t-shirt bearing the slogan "We will not be silent" in Arabic and English. Jarrar complained that he was pulled over by four security officers who refused to let him board until changed his shirt. He claims his civil rights were violated. What do you think?

17. Facebook http://www.newser.com/story/161389/griping-about-work-online-is- mostly-protected.html

18. 2 nd Amendment Can the federal government pass laws to regulate the sale and possession of firearms? Do individual states and communities have the right to regulate the sale and possession of firearms?

19. The Brady Bill All federally-licensed firearms dealers must verify the identity of a customer and receive authorization from the National Instant Check System (NICS) which usually takes only a matter of minutes instead of the previously required waiting period of 5 days.

20. 4 th Amendment Do police ever have the right to seize evidence without a search warrant?search warrant Can evidence illegally obtained be used in court? Does the government have the right to tap phones or eavesdrop on people?

22. 5 th Amendment What constitutes double jeopardy? Under what circumstances may a person refuse to answer questions posed by police? What does fair and equal treatment mean?

24. Eminent Domain

25. 6 th Amendment How long can a trial be delayed? When can the public be barred from public proceedings? What is adequate legal counsel?

26. This artist's rendering shows convicted al- Qaida conspirator Zacarias Moussaoui, refusing to stand as the verdict in the first phase of his sentencing trial is read in U.S. District Court in Alexandria, Va., April 3, 2006.

27. Does the press hurt the investigation?

28. 8 th Amendment What is excessive bail? What is cruel and unusual? Should states have the right to impose the death penalty?

31. Formal Amendments Written changes to the Constitution 27 1-10 Bill of Rights (passed together in 1789)

32. Informal Amendments Changes but not to the actual words of the Constitution

33. 1.Congress – passes laws 2.President – through executive agreements 3.Courts – by explaining what the Constitution really means 4.Political Parties 5.Customs – like the President’s Cabinet or senatorial courtesy