1. Conflict, Stress, and Coping
CHAPTER 16
Conflict, Stress, and Coping
Stress and conflict are part of everyday life. Those who can use stress as a motivator can achieve greater things.
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2. Click on a term for more information.
Frustration
Anxiety
Stress
Conflict
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3. Click on a term for more information.
Frustration
Frustration may be defined as the emotion produced when we are blocked from reaching our goals.
Most frustrations are minor (busy signals, traffic slowdowns, late arrivals, etc.).
Some can be serious, as when airline flights are cancelled or talents or abilities don’t measure up to expectations.
Click on a term for more information.
Stress
Anxiety
Conflict
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4. Double Approach - Avoidance
Conflict
Conflict arises when a person needs to decide between two alternatives.
Types of conflict:
Approach - Approach
Approach - Avoidance
Avoidance - Avoidance
Double Approach - Avoidance
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5. The person is attracted to two goals.
Approach-Approach
The approach - approach conflict is not all bad. You have to decide between two attractive choices.
The person is attracted to two goals.
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6. The approach - avoidance conflict can be distressing.
The person is attracted to one goal but it comes with a negative aspect.
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7. The person has to choose between them.
Avoidance - Avoidance
The avoidance - avoidance conflict presents two undesirable goals.
The person has to choose between them.
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8. The person has two goals, each has both good and bad characteristics.
Double Approach - Avoidance
The double approach - avoidance conflict is the most common.
Click on a term for more information.
The person has two goals, each has both good and bad characteristics.
Frustration
Stress
Anxiety
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9. Click on a term for more information.
Anxiety
Anxiety is a feeling of hopelessness, a feeling of fear or fright. It often follows feelings of frustration and conflict. Anxiety attacks can produce physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, chest pain, breathlessness or headache.
Click on a term for more information.
Frustration
Stress
Conflict
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10. Stress
Stress is defined as the physical pressure and strain that result from change.
When stress is good and leads to something desirable such as studying for a big exam and then receiving a good grade on the exam, it is called eustress.
When the stress has negative effects such as confusion, an inability to make decisions, and illness, it is called distress.
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11. Fight or Flight Sequence of Steps in the Fight or Flight Behaviors
1. The brain appraises a situation as threatening and dangerous.
2. The lower brain structure secretes a stress hormone.
3. The stress hormone signals the adrenal glands to secrete adrenaline.
4. This causes the muscles to tense, the heart to beat faster, and the liver to send out sugar to be used in the muscles.
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12. The General Adaptation Syndrome
Defined as a series of stages the body goes through when exposed to stressful situations.
1. The alarm stage is the initial stage where the body prepares for attack—either psychological or physical.
2. The second stage is called the stage of resistance. The body uses up a great amount of energy to prepare for the stressor.
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
3. The third stage is exhaustion. It is marked by body exhaustion and health problems.
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13. Click on a term for more information.
Some Psychological Stressors for High School Students
Life Event Stress Points
Divorce of parents 98
Expulsion from school 79
Major injury or illness 77
Getting a job
Major illness of close friend 56
Peer difficulties 45
Moving away
Christmas
Vacation
Traffic ticket
Click on a term for more information.
Frustration
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Anxiety
Conflict

14. Coping with Stress Issue of Control Self-Concept Self-Esteem
People deal better with stress if they have some degree of control in a stressful situation.
Self-Concept
If people don’t feel confident (have a positive self-concept), they will become anxious and withdrawn.
Self-Esteem
Worthwhile feelings people have. If we are expected to meet impossible standards, we often stop trying at all.
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15. Click on a term to have it defined.
Psychological Defense Mechanisms
Psychological defense mechanisms are distortions (actions) that keep people psychologically stable.
Examples include:
Click on a term to have it defined.
Repression
Denial
Displacement
Reaction
Formation
Intellectualization
Identification
with the
Aggressor
Regression
Rationalization
Projection
Sublimation
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16. Psychological Defense Mechanisms
Psychological defense mechanisms are distortions (actions) that keep people psychologically stable.
Examples include:
Click on a term to have it defined.
Repression
Denial
Displacement
Reaction
Formation
Intellectualization
Identification
with the
Aggressor
Regression
Rationalization
Projection
Sublimation
Pushing painful material out of consciousness
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17. Click on a term to have it defined. Refusing to admit a problem exists
Psychological Defense Mechanisms
Psychological defense mechanisms are distortions (actions) that keep people psychologically stable.
Examples include:
Click on a term to have it defined.
Repression
Denial
Displacement
Reaction
Formation
Intellectualization
Identification
with the
Aggressor
Regression
Rationalization
Projection
Sublimation
Refusing to admit a problem exists
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18. Psychological Defense Mechanisms
Psychological defense mechanisms are distortions (actions) that keep people psychologically stable.
Examples include:
Click on a term to have it defined.
Repression
Denial
Displacement
Reaction
Formation
Intellectualization
Identification
with the
Aggressor
Regression
Rationalization
Projection
Sublimation
Venting feelings on something not related to the frustration
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19. Psychological Defense Mechanisms
Psychological defense mechanisms are distortions (actions) that keep people psychologically stable.
Examples include:
Click on a term to have it defined.
Repression
Denial
Displacement
Reaction
Formation
Intellectualization
Identification
with the
Aggressor
Regression
Rationalization
Projection
Sublimation
Expressing the opposite of what one feels
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20. Psychological Defense Mechanisms
Psychological defense mechanisms are distortions (actions) that keep people psychologically stable.
Examples include:
Click on a term to have it defined.
Repression
Denial
Displacement
Reaction
Formation
Intellectualization
Identification
with the
Aggressor
Regression
Rationalization
Projection
Sublimation
Taking all feelings out of a frustrating situation
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21. Psychological Defense Mechanisms
Psychological defense mechanisms are distortions (actions) that keep people psychologically stable.
Examples include:
Click on a term to have it defined.
Repression
Denial
Displacement
Reaction
Formation
Intellectualization
Identification
with the
Aggressor
Regression
Rationalization
Projection
Sublimation
Taking on a punishing person’s characteristics
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22. Psychological Defense Mechanisms
Psychological defense mechanisms are distortions (actions) that keep people psychologically stable.
Examples include:
Click on a term to have it defined.
Repression
Denial
Displacement
Reaction
Formation
Intellectualization
Identification
with the
Aggressor
Regression
Rationalization
Projection
Sublimation
Moving backward and acting as a helpless child
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23. Psychological Defense Mechanisms
Psychological defense mechanisms are distortions (actions) that keep people psychologically stable.
Examples include:
Click on a term to have it defined.
Repression
Denial
Displacement
Reaction
Formation
Intellectualization
Identification
with the
Aggressor
Regression
Rationalization
Projection
Sublimation
Explaining a situation to avoid responsibility
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24. Psychological Defense Mechanisms
Psychological defense mechanisms are distortions (actions) that keep people psychologically stable.
Examples include:
Click on a term to have it defined.
Repression
Denial
Displacement
Reaction
Formation
Intellectualization
Identification
with the
Aggressor
Regression
Rationalization
Projection
Sublimation
Assigning to others our own thoughts and feelings
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25. Psychological Defense Mechanisms
Psychological defense mechanisms are distortions (actions) that keep people psychologically stable.
Examples include:
Click on a term to have it defined.
Repression
Denial
Displacement
Reaction
Formation
Intellectualization
Identification
with the
Aggressor
Regression
Rationalization
Projection
Sublimation
Channeling emotional energy into
constructive or creative activity
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26. Healthy Characteristics
Accept
yourself.
Take
control of your life as much as possible.
Don’t take
yourself too
seriously. Keep a sense of humor.
Appreciate
life.
Take credit
for successes
and responsibility for failures. Learn from both.
Develop a sense of
independence.
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27. Substance Abuse Substance abuse
occurs when the use of drugs interferes with daily life.
Substance dependence
occurs when the person has symptoms when using the drug.
occurs when the person uses more and more drugs.
occurs when the person spends large amounts of time in drug use.
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28. Alcoholism
Chemical effects: alcohol is a depressant (too much will lead to unconsciousness). Absorption takes 2-6 hours, depending on weight, amount, food intake, etc.
Physical effects:
heavy alcohol intake affects the liver and brain cells
provides non-nutritional calories
can lead to alcohol withdrawal delirium and hallucinations
synergistic effect increases dangers of alcohol and barbiturates when taken together
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29. No one knows for sure, but factors that may be responsible include
Causes of Alcoholism
No one knows for sure, but factors that may be responsible include
heredity
environment
genetic defects
social training
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30. Indicators of Alcoholism
Frequent drinking binges. Drunkenness more than once a week.
A steady increase in the amount of alcohol drunk.
Drinking in the morning.
Being drunk at school or at work.
Blackouts or not remembering events when drunk.
Drinking when confronting a crisis.
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31. Marijuana distorts and confuses the perception of the world.
The short-term memory system is directly affected.
Nicotine
Nicotine is found in tobacco products. It increases blood pressure and heart rate. It also leads to higher risks of heart disease and lung disease.
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32. Amphetamines
“Uppers” create a sense of excitement, freedom, and energy.
People build tolerance for the drug.
Continued usage leads to strange images, convulsions, and paranoia.
Cocaine
Cocaine, unlike alcohol, is a stimulant.
Crack is a form of purified cocaine.
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33. Opiates LSD Steroids Opiates are sedatives that depress the brain.
They create a physical dependence.
LSD
LSD produces hallucinations and marked changes in behavior.
Steroids are used to increase body mass and muscular size.
Short-term use can cause people to lose control of emotions.
Long-term use can cause serious physical problems including heart trouble and infertility.
Steroids
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34. { { { Summary of Main Topics Covered Frustration Conflict Anxiety
Fight vs. Flight
General Adaptation Syndrome
Psychological Stressors
Stress {
Coping with Stress
Psychological Defense Mechanisms
Healthy Characteristics {
Alcohol, Marijuana, Nicotine, Amphetamines, Cocaine, Opiates, LSD, Steroids
Substance Abuse
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