1. Papua New Guinea Violence and Development

3. Key Facts  Port Moresby, the capital city, was rated the “Worst City in the World” by the Economist Intelligence Unit  #145 out of 177 on Human Development Index, between Cameroon and Haiti  Life expectancy (2000): 56.9 years  Adult literacy rate (2000): 57.3%  GDP/Capita ($PPP 2000): $2563.00

4. Violence and Women  UNICEF estimates that around 1 million children in Papua New Guinea live with violence, either at home or in their community. 1  In rural areas, concepts of domestic and sexual violence do not exist. 1  In Papua, New Guinea, 67% of rural women and 56% of urban women have been victims of wife abuse. 2  Sexual harassment is not illegal. 3  1 http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/papuang_30991.html; 2 http://www.womenagainstrape.net/international_statistics.htm; 3http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61623.htm; 4. (Rape Statistics - Angau Hospital 2002) http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/papuang_30991.htmlhttp://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61623.htm

5. Rape in PNG  #28 th in the world for absolute number of rapes reported each year  Police claim 8% of female population have been raped 2  Police are accused of being corrupt and not investigating rape charges.  Cases are underreported  Surveys suggest roughly 50% of women are rape victims  16% of rape had 5 or more perpetrators 4  Cases of rapes involving more that 20 men have been reported  15-30% annual increase in numbers HIV/AIDS infected. 1  2. http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/papuang_45211.html Josie TankunaniSirivi, Recipient Nobel Peace Prize 2005

6. Raskols of Port Moresby  “Raskolsare known to be violent thugs and are notorious for armed robberies, rapes and armed hold- ups... I did the project so my photographs could bring humanity, dignity and honesty to the Raskols. I wanted to allow them to have the opportunity to express themselves in front of the camera and bring me into their world and allow me to learn about their situation." —Stephen Dupont, Photographer http://www.booklyn.org/artists/%3Ch2%3EStephen%20Dupon%2 0Bondi%20Beach,%20Australia%3C/h2%3E.php

7. Raskol camp Outside Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea

8. Tribal Violence in PNG Photo: Mudmen hand ornamentation

9. Naïve Preconception Loin clothes, face paint and spears Traditional tribal structure Frequent intertribal conflicts over territory

10. Research Findings Loin clothes, face paint and spears AND GUNS!!! Traditional tribal structure Frequent intertribal conflicts over, according to a HuliWigman, “My land, my wife, my pigs and my wigs.”

11. Tribal Gun Culture  Guns are supplied from corrupt police force and Australian and Indonesia black markets  Has resulted into higher casualties in tribal conflicts  Many police stations have shut down in rural areas due to being out-gunned  Introduce of village “Rambos”

12. “It’s like rugby.” -A Western Highlander “Rambo” on tribal wars.

13. Current human rights concern  There has been a substantial increase in the practice of slaying “witches”  More than 150 cases last year  Technically illegal, but difficult to enforce because entire villages are involved

14. Violence and economics

15. Economic Climate  PNG exports oil, gold, coffee and other cash crops  Lack of government presence in rural areas has resulted in business acting as defacto governing body  Police often on business payroll  Many reports of people that oppose development in rural areas being slain by police

16. In Sum…  Violence affects the lives of everyone living in PNG  Urban dwellers face violence driven by poverty  Rural dwellers face violence driven by culture  The intense violence is the largest obstacle to attracting millions of potential research and investment dollars

17. Policy Recommendations

18. First and foremost… I HAVE NO IDEA.

19. Recommendations  Best first step to reform police force  Lift out of poverty  Train  Educate  Make accountable  Strengthen rural clinics and service providers  Fight corruption

20. The Catch 22: Development may reduce violence, but may also damage aspects of PNG that could foster lasting development.