1. Multiple Choice Review

2. Question 1 Eyepiece – what you look through Body tube – creates space between your eye and specimen Nosepiece – holds the objectives Objective – used to magnify the specimen (scanning, low and high) Arm – supports the upper part of the microscope Stage – a place to put the specimen Stage clips – hold the specimen in place Diaphragm – adjusts the amount of light you use to look at the specimen Coarse adjustment knob – brings the specimen into first focus Fine adjustment knob – makes the image sharper Light source – provides light to view the specimen (should not be direct sunlight) Base – holds up bottom part of the microscope

3. Question 2 Magnification (m)=ocular (eyepiece) x objective Example  m = 10 x 40 m=400 times

4. Question 3 Independent variable goes on the x-axis Dependent variable goes on the y-axis

5. Question 4 Independent Variables are changes that occur in an experiment that are directly caused by the experimenter (you.) Dependent Variables are changes that occur due to independent variables. A Controlled Variable is anything else that could influence the dependent variables.

6. Question 5 Carbohydrates – monosacharrides Proteins – amino acids Lipids – fatty acids Nucleic acids - nucleotides

7. Question 6 Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell Where cellular respiration takes places Cells that need lots of energy have lots of mitochondria

8. Question 7 Nucleus – holds the genetic information Found in eukaryotic cells

9. Question 8 Ribosomes Where proteins are built

10. Question 9 Three organelles unique to plant cells Chloroplasts – where photosynthesis happens Cell wall – keeps things rigid so that plants can stand upright Large central vacuole – usually fills with water to help plants stand upright

11. Question 10 Cell cycle G1 – intense growth, cells spends most of cycle in this phase S – DNA is copies G2 – more growth, prep for mitosis M – mitosis C - cytokinesis

12. Questions 11 & 12 Mitosis – creates two cells identical to the first cell (used for somatic cells) Meiosis – creates two cells with half the information of the first (used to create sex cells)

13. Question 13 A recessive trait is visible (expressed) when both alleles are recessive (homozygous) Example - bb

14. Questions 14 & 15 Nitrogen bases in DNA Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Nitrogen bases in RNA Adenine (A) Uracil (U) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C)

15. Question 16 DNA looks like a twisted spiral staircase

16. Question 17 Male genotype – XY Female genotype - XX

17. Question 18 Pedigrees are used to track a trait through many generations of a family

18. Questions 19 & 20 Herbivores – plants Carnivores – meat Omnivores – both plants and meat Autotrophs (producers) – make their own food (photosynthesis) Heterotrophs (consumers) – get their energy by eating things

19. Question 21

20. Question 22

21. Question 23

22. Question 24 Ozone layer Filter ultraviolet radiation Helps maintain atmospheric temperatures

23. Question 25 Aerobic – with oxygen Generates more energy (ATP) Anaerobic – without oxygen Generates some energy Generates lactic acid

24. Question 26 Energy is transferred through consumption Usually only 10 percent travels up each level of the food chain Most is used for cell process

25. Question 27

26. Question 28

27. Good Luck Study this and the “Open-ended Review” sheet. Multiple choice section – 100 questions Look the study materials over few times and you should be fine for the multiple choice section of the final exam.