1. Tourism Revision -We will revise the main points in the Tourism Topic
-We will know how to use questions as part of our revision

2. Knowledge Check List Reasons for global increase in tourism
Potential of cities, mountains and coasts for tourism development
Economic importance of tourism to contrasting parts of the world
Contribution of tourism to the UK economy
Impact of external factors on visitor numbers to the UK
Tourist area/ resort life cycle model
The meaning of mass tourism
The positives and negatives of mass tourism
Strategies for maintaining tourism and reducing the impacts of it
The attraction of extreme environments
The impact of tourism on extreme environments
The need for stewardship and conservation
How tourism can help sustainable development

3. Growth in Tourism

4. Growth in Tourism Why is tourism growing? 1) 2) 3) 4) 1) 2) 3)
Why are some areas getting more popular?
1) 2) 3) 4)
1) 2) 3)

5. Growth in Tourism Why is tourism growing?
Why are some areas getting more popular?
1) More disposable income around the globe 2) More paid holiday / holiday entitlement 3) Travel is cheaper / Technology is better 4) Holiday Providers and range of holiday destinations up 5) Media / TV
1) Improvement in transport 2) Better marketing 3) Improved infrastructure

6. What’s the attraction? Type Coast/ City/ Mountains Attractions
Examples

7. What’s the attraction? Type Coast/ City/ Mountains CITY MOUTAINS
COSTAL
Attractions
CULTURE
ENTERTAINMENT
SHOPPING
SCENERY
WALKING
CLIMBING
SKIING
SNOW BOARDING
SWIMMING
SNORKELLING
FISHING
WATER SPORTS
SEA SIDE RESORTS
Examples
LONDON, NEW YORK, PARIS, ROME
ALPS, ROCKIES
CARRIBEAN
THAILAND

8. Theory- Importance of Tourism
Creates jobs for local people which helps the economy grow
Increase the income of businesses that supply tourism
Important to rich and poor countries in bringing in money and jobs
Poorer countries are more dependent on tourism (UK 3% of GNP Vs 15% of Kenya)

9. Questions...
Give two reasons why tourism is an important economic activity (2 marks).
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Contrast the economic importance of tourism in rich and poor countries (2 marks).

10. UK Tourism Churches, Cathedrals & Castles
Countryside and Historic Landmarks
UK Tourism
£114 billion into UK economy
& 1.4 million jobs
Half of visitors to UK go to London

11. Explain why the UK is a popular tourist destination. (4 marks)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Key Ideas: -Transport links & infrastructure -Attractions -Marketing

12. Explain the factors that lead to increasing and decreasing tourism in the UK
Cheap package flights to the Mediterranean since 1970 allowed UK working classes the chance of guaranteed hot sunny weather.
Higher expectations by the paying public.
Traditional bucket and spade holidays lose their fashionable appeal.
Longer holidays allow fortnight bookings, encouraging overseas holidays.
Lack of investment from local authorities causes the infrastructure to become run-down eg flaky paintwork and graffiti – discouraging future visits.

13. Annotate the Butler Life Cycle Model
Time
Key Ideas:
Exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation, rejuvenation, decline

14. UK Case Study: Blackpool
Stages:
1860s – seaside becomes fashionable for the affluent/wealthy as railways make coastal resorts accessible.
1890s – Day trippers include factory workers helped with bank holiday excursion trains.
1920s – One week factory holidays increases the tourists/staying visitors.
1950s – increased paid holidays with a post-war economic boom.
1970s – decline due mainly to overseas package tours.
1980s – resort either:-
declines eg Herne bay;
rejuvenates itself eg Blackpool
Uncovers niche market eg oyster festival at Whitstable

15. UK Case Study: Blackpool
To counter the Mediterranean competition Blackpool now:-
Offers wet weather facilities such as indoor swimming pools,
Extended the ‘illuminations’ season through until November,
Diversified with year round activities such as Business Conferences,
Built a range of night clubs to successfully tap into the ‘stag-do-hen-party’ market,
Expanded the range of rides such as the rollercoaster.

16. UK Case Study: Blackpool
Voted UK’s favourite seaside resort
Winter Illuminations ‘breathtaking’
1.3 million visitors at least per year
19,000 tourist related jobs
NB Football team gaining promotion into the Premier League helps.

17. Mass Tourism
Definition: refers to the act of large numbers of people staying in the same place such as the Spanish Costas in the 1970s and 80s.

18. Mass Tourism
“Mass tourism is organised tourism for large numbers of people.”
Positives
Negatives
Economic Impacts
Social Impacts
Environmental Impacts

19. Mass Tourism
“Mass tourism is organised tourism for large numbers of people.”
Positives
Negatives
Economic Impacts
Bring money to local economy
Creates jobs for locals
Boost local economy supplying tourism
A lot of the profit is kept by the large travel companies
Social Impacts
More jobs= young people stay in area
Improved roads, communications and infrastructure
Tourism income can be invested into community projects
Tourism jobs available to locals badly paid and seasonal
Traffic congestion & inconvenience
Behaviour of some tourists
Environmental Impacts
Income from tourism can be reinvested in protecting environment
Transportation releases green house gas
Increased litter and pollution
Destruction of local wild life e.g. Boats damage coral

20. Increasing Tourism and Reducing the Impact
Maintaining Tourism
Ways to reduce negative impacts:
B R A C I O

21. Increasing Tourism and Reducing the Impact
Maintaining Tourism
Ways to reduce negative impacts:
1. Improve public transport less congestion & pollution 2. Limit numbers to sensitive sites 3. Provide bins for litter
Build new facitlites Reduce impacts that make tourism less effective Advetise and market Cheaper to visit Improve transport infrastructure Offer new activites

22. Extreme Tourism (Holiday to Extreme Environment)
Attractions
Damage to the Environment
Extreme Tourism
Reasons for Increasing

23. Extreme Tourism (Holiday to Extreme Environment)
Trees cut down for fuel
Footpath erosion
Different & exciting
Adventure holidays
Risk
Water pollution- Sewage
Deforestation destroys habitats
Scenery
Attractions
Wildlife
Damage to the Environment
Extreme Tourism
Adverts & TV programmes
Reasons for Increasing
Deforestation leads to flooding
Improved transport
More disposable income
Less roots leads to soil erosion
Last chance to see

24. Extreme Tourism (Holiday to Extreme Environment): Case Study - Antartica
Why?
scenery, wildlife, activities like cruises, kayaking, climbing, helicopter rides.
Why has it increased in popularity?
more thrill seekers, more activities, more accessible, appeals to tourists, ship sizes increased tourists in 1992 has grown to in 2006 and in 2008 and the numbers are expected to double over the next 10 years companies offer extreme holidays to Antartica.
Impacts: sea pollution, littering, fragile resources.
Sustainability: supervision of tourists means; no littering, no contact with animals, no walking on lichens, no trespassing, permit must be gained for activities.
can be more sustainable by increasing the amount of people per boat and increasing the amount of supervisors.

25. Antartica/Southern ocean Sustainable management
Extreme Tourism (Holiday to Extreme Environment): Case Study - Antartica
Glacial landscapes , wildlife – seals whales and penguins
6700 in 1992
45,000 in 2009
Why go?
Visitor Numbers
Cruise Ships
researchers a year
Case Study:
Tourism in
Antartica/Southern ocean
Over-flights
Damage – natural causes
Camping
Code of conduct
Naturalist, photographers, journalists
Sustainable management
Over flying causing stress
Impacts
No litter
Antarctic tourism shows environmental concern
Tern
colonies
suffer disturbances
Foot prints remain for a long time
Scott Polar research

26. Ecotourism
viewing small benefits environment local responsibility protecting conserving harm
Tourism that does not __________ the environment and __________ the __________ people
Involves:
Conservation: __________ & managing __________
Stewardship: Taking __________ for __________ environment
Should involve local people & local organisations
Normally __________ scale with a small number of tourists
Activities often involve wildlife __________ and walking

27. Ecotourism
Tourism that does not harm the environment and benefits the local people
Involves:
Conservation protecting & managing environment
Stewardship Taking responsibility for conserving environment
Should involve local people & local organisations
Normally small scale with a small number of tourists
Activities often involve wildlife viewing and walking

28. Environmental Benefits
Economic Benefits
Benefits for local people
Sustainable Development

29. Environmental Benefits
-Local people encouraged to conserve the environment
-Reduces poaching and hunting
-Reduce the use of fossil fuel
-Waste is carefully disposed of
Economic Benefits
-Creates jobs for local people
-Additional local employment
Benefits for local people
-Locals have better more stable income
-Many schemes have a community projects fund
Sustainable Development
-Improve quality of life but doesn’t stop the future getting that they need
-Aids local development
-Development without damage to the environment

30. Review... Reasons for global increase in tourism
Potential of cities, mountains and coasts for tourism development
Economic importance of tourism to contrasting parts of the world
Contribution of tourism to the UK economy
Impact of external factors on visitor numbers to the UK
Tourist area/ resort life cycle model
The meaning of mass tourism
The positives and negatives of mass tourism
Strategies for maintaining tourism and reducing the impacts of it
The attraction of extreme environments
The impact of tourism on extreme environments
The need for stewardship and conservation
How tourism can help sustainable development