1. English 306A; Harris Morphemes kumilad

2. English 306A; Harris A little Persian dana xub daroSt bozorg Sirin danai xubi daroSti bozorgi Sirini Suffix Morpheme {-i}

3. English 306A; Harris A little Persian PersianEnglish danawise xubgood daroStthick bozorgbig Sirinsweet PersianEnglish danaiwisdom xubigoodness daroStithickness bozorgisize Sirinisweetness Suffix Morpheme {-i} Noun Former

4. English 306A; Harris A little Persian Sirinsweet Sirinisweetness Suffix Morpheme {-i} Noun Former AfAdjective Noun AdjAdjectiveAdjAf Noun SimplexComplex adjective —> [adjective-affix] noun

5. English 306A; Harris The unit Phonetics: the phone. Phonology: the phoneme. Lexicology: the word. Morphology: the morpheme. Syntax: the sentence. Semantics: the proposition.

6. English 306A; Harris morph + ology morphology isomorphic polymorphic amorphous metamorphic metamorphosis anthropomorphic Morpheus morphine morpheme allomorph (to) morph technology psychology astrology scientology appliantology geology theology biology zoölogy genealogy logos logic shape + talk

7. English 306A; Harris morph + ology morphology isomorphic polymorphic amorphous metamorphic metamorphosis anthropomorphic Morpheus morphine morpheme allomorph (to) morph technology psychology astrology scientology appliantology geology theology biology zoölogy genealogy logos logic shape + talk

8. English 306A; Harris The smallest signifier/signified bundles {un-} Antonym former {re-} Iterative former {draw} Verb, to make representative marks {-s} Third-singular-present agreement former {-ing} Present-participle former

9. English 306A; Harris Homophony/Polysemy But, … matching the signifiers and signifieds is not a piece of cake {-ing} Present-participle former “Oriana is drawing the cat” {-ing} Gerund former “Oriana’s drawing of the cat is beautiful.” {-ing} Adjective former “Oriana’s drawing chalk is the white one”

10. English 306A; Harris Morpheme form free (= word) bound (= affix) prefix suffix infix circumfix Morpheme function derivational change meaning dramatically, and/or word category inflectional never change category, and only change meaning very subtly Signifier Semasiology Signified Onomasiology xubi Afadjective Noun Bound! Derivational! What type is {-i}?

11. English 306A; Harris Affix rules prefix oldcategory —> [affix-oldcategory] newcategory suffix oldcategory —> [oldcategory-affix] newcategory infix oldcategory —> [old-affix- category] newcategory circumfix oldcategory —> [af-oldcategory-fix] newcategory OldAf New oooa AfOld New aooooo Old aooooa OldAf New AfOld ooaoo

12. English 306A; Harris Affix rules Prefix e.g. {un-}adjective —> [un-adjective ] adjective {anti-}adjective —> [anti-adjective ] adjective {anti-}noun —> [anti-noun ] noun suffix {-er}verb —> [verb-er] noun {-ness}adjective —> [adjective-ness] noun {-ly}adjective —> [adjective-ly] adverb unattractive anti-racist anti-racism writer happiness quickly

13. English 306A; Harris Compounds Morphological analysis Adjective blackboard Noun

14. English 306A; Harris Free morpheme Morphological analysis ? fly Noun? Verb? Adjective? Adverb? Preposition? Determiner? Qualifier? Quantifier? Who cares?

15. English 306A; Harris Free morpheme Morphological analysis Noun fly

16. English 306A; Harris Free morpheme Morphological analysis Verb fly

17. English 306A; Harris Free morpheme Morphological analysis Adjective fly

18. English 306A; Harris Bound morpheme (necessarily, with a free one too) Morphological analysis flies Af? ?

19. English 306A; Harris Bound morpheme (necessarily, with a free one too) Morphological analysis flies AfNoun Plural

20. English 306A; Harris Bound morpheme (necessarily, with a free one too) Morphological analysis flies AfVerb 3rd singular present agreement

21. English 306A; Harris Bound morpheme (necessarily, with a free one too) Morphological analysis flies AfAdjective

22. English 306A; Harris Free morpheme Morphological analysis flierfliest AfAdjective AfAdjective

23. English 306A; Harris Optionality optionality

24. English 306A; Harris Optionality optionality Noun

25. English 306A; Harris Optionality optionality Af Adj Noun

26. English 306A; Harris Optionality optionality Adj Af Noun Af

27. English 306A; Harris Optionality optionality Adj AfVerbAf Noun Af

28. English 306A; Harris Optionality optionality Adj AfVerbAf Noun Af

29. English 306A; Harris Roots and stems optionality root stems

30. English 306A; Harris Ainu (Japan) haparu = soft ehaparu = to be unable to endure niSte = hard eniSte = to be able to endure pirka = good epirka = to gain wen = bad ewen = to lose

31. English 306A; Harris {e-}{e-} verb former 1.Stative have adjectival quality 2.Active change towards state described by adjective adjective —> [e-adjective] verb

32. English 306A; Harris Ainu (Japan) e pirka Adjective Af Verb

33. English 306A; Harris Bontoc (Philippines) kumilad = he is becoming red fumusul = he is becoming an enemy fikas = strong fumikas = he is becoming strong fusul = enemy bato = stone bumato = he is becoming hard kilad = red What’s he reading?

34. English 306A; Harris Bontoc (Philippines) {-um-} third-person singular masculine inchoative verb-former kumilad = he is becoming red he, not she or it he, not I or you he, not they becoming is; state change

35. English 306A; Harris Bontoc (Philippines) k um ilad Adjective Af Verb

36. English 306A; Harris Morphophonology Zoque possessives wakascow nwakasmy cow wjakashis cow pamaclothes mpamamy clothes pjamahis clothes buRudonkey mbuRumy donkey bjuRuhis donkey kamacornfield Nkamamy cornfield kjamahis cornfield

37. English 306A; Harris Morphophonology Zoque possessives wakascow nwakasmy cow wjakashis cow pamaclothes mpamamy clothes pjamahis clothes buRudonkey mbuRumy donkey bjuRuhis donkey kamacornfield Nkamamy cornfield kjamahis cornfield

38. English 306A; Harris Morphophonology Zoque possessives wakascow nwakasmy cow wjakashis cow pamaclothes mpamamy clothes pjamahis clothes buRudonkey mbuRumy donkey bjuRuhis donkey kamacornfield Nkamamy cornfield kjamahis cornfield

39. English 306A; Harris Morphology Zoque possessives {-j- } third-person singular masculine possessive

40. English 306A; Harris Morphology Zoque possessives b j uRu

41. English 306A; Harris Morphology noun —> [n-j-oun] noun b j uRu Noun Af Nou n

42. English 306A; Harris Morphophonology Zoque possessives { m -}, { n -}, { N -} first-person singular possessive

43. English 306A; Harris Morphophonology Zoque possessives m pama Noun Af Noun n wakas Noun Af Noun N kama Noun Af Noun Assimilation in place of articulation

44. English 306A; Harris Chickasaw AffirmativeNegative WordTranslationWordTranslation chokmaHe is good.ikchokmoHe isn’t good. laknaIt is yellow.iklaknoIt isn’t yellow. palliIt is hot.ikpalloIt isn’t hot. tiwwiHe opens it.iktiwwoHe doesn’t open it.

45. English 306A; Harris Chickasaw {-a}, {-i} third-person singular affirmative {ik- … -o} third-person singular negative Verb forms chokm- lakn- pall- tiww-

46. English 306A; Harris Chickasaw circumfix iklakno Verb Af Verb verb —> [ik-verb-o] verb

47. English 306A; Harris Circumfixes and suffixes/prefixes postmodernism Noun AdjAf iklakno Verb Af Verb Adj

48. English 306A; Harris Circumfixes and suffixes/prefixes postmodernismiklakno Verb Af Verb Noun AdjAf Adj

49. English 306A; Harris English “Circumfixes” em-bold-en en-light-en ir-regard-less a-work-in a-turn-in a-change-in

50. English 306A; Harris English “Infixes”

51. English 306A; Harris English reduplication dilly-dally heebie-jeebies chit-chat fiddle-faddle mumbo-jumbo hocus-pocus

52. English 306A; Harris English reduplication boy toy toy boy pooper scooper artsy-fartsy walkie-talkie wiggle-waggle

53. English 306A; Harris English reduplication Ping-pong vs.Table tennis

54. English 306A; Harris English reduplication: gang-bang Onomasiologically extremely serious referents Semasiologically trivializing reduplicative form

55. English 306A; Harris English {-er} farmer, writer, hiker, reader, drawer, printer, … Londoner, Winnipeger, … villager, foreigner, … printer, toaster, heater, freezer, … page-turner, reader, drawer, … chatter, mutter, flicker, … triple-decker, porker, … Agentive Locative 1 (geographic) Locative 2 (type) Instrumental Patient Frequentive Other

56. English 306A; Harris ? Radial network English -er specialization generalization metaphor inversion

57. English 306A; Harris Productivity The relative ability to produce new words. -er farmer, writer, shooter, runner, pleaser, sleeper, weeper, golfer, diddler, plumber, butcher, baker, candle-stick-maker, bliffnatter, ludniffer, … a- asexual, amoral, achromatic, …?

58. English 306A; Harris Productivity petro- petroleum, Petrocanda™, petrochemical, petrodollars, petropolitics, … -cast broadcast, telecast, newscast, sportscast, podcast, …

59. English 306A; Harris Productivity cran- cranberry, cran-apple, cran- cherry, cran-grape, cran- raspberry, crangerine, cran- mango, … huckle- huckleberry rasp- raspberry

60. English 306A; Harris Morphology Semasiological free (word) bound (affix) Onomasiological derivational (new word) inflectional (new function) Rules Structures Productivity