1. Introduction to Forestry Mrs. Kirby https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWMejNKeqs0

2. Objectives Gain a general understanding of forestry and its interconnected parts. Gain a general understanding of forestry and its interconnected parts. Be able to describe the more important forest products and services forests produce. Be able to describe the more important forest products and services forests produce. Be able to describe where forest resources and industries are located in the United States. Be able to describe where forest resources and industries are located in the United States. Understand how private, federal, and state forestry developed in the United States. Understand how private, federal, and state forestry developed in the United States.

3. What is Forestry? Forest – a living, complexly interrelated community of trees and associated plants and animals. Forest – a living, complexly interrelated community of trees and associated plants and animals. Picture (Right): Picture (Right): Name: General Sherman Location: Sequoia NP Fact: Largest Tree (by volume) in the world

4. What is Forestry? The art and science of managing a forest so they continuously yield a maximum quality and quantity of forest products and services. The art and science of managing a forest so they continuously yield a maximum quality and quantity of forest products and services. What are some of these products and services? What are some of these products and services?

5. Products

6. Specific Tree Products

7. What is Forestry? Single-use forest – a forest managed for one purpose. Single-use forest – a forest managed for one purpose. Multiple-use forest – a forest managed for more than one purpose. Multiple-use forest – a forest managed for more than one purpose.  Today, we place more emphasis on multiple-use forestry and its role in ecosystem management. Objectives can include: protection of watersheds, timber production, provision of wildlife habitat, recreation, etc.

8. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/art icle-2568138/Extraordinary-length- shot-President-one-largest-trees- Earth.html Name: The President Species: Giant Sequoia Tree Location: Nevada’s Sequoia N.P.

9. History of Forestry in the United States Forestry began as a recognized profession in the US in the late 1800’s, however it was already well established in Europe and parts of Asia. Forestry began as a recognized profession in the US in the late 1800’s, however it was already well established in Europe and parts of Asia. Several reasons: Several reasons: More wood was being cut than was left to grow. More wood was being cut than was left to grow. Wildfires were fueled by the debris left in the woods. Wildfires were fueled by the debris left in the woods. Almost a total lack of reforestation of logged and burned lands. Almost a total lack of reforestation of logged and burned lands. Massive tracts were cleared for agriculture. Massive tracts were cleared for agriculture. Numerous plant and animal species became extinct. Numerous plant and animal species became extinct.

10. History of Forestry in the United States First native-born American to become a trained forester was Gifford Pinchot. (1889 traveled to Nancy, France for training.) First native-born American to become a trained forester was Gifford Pinchot. (1889 traveled to Nancy, France for training.) 1892 – 1895 managed the forests at Biltmore Estates in Asheville, NC (owned by the Vanderbilt's). 1892 – 1895 managed the forests at Biltmore Estates in Asheville, NC (owned by the Vanderbilt's).

11. History of Forestry in the United States Pinchot planted numerous white pines that can still be seen today. Pinchot planted numerous white pines that can still be seen today. Biltmore area is known as the “Cradle of Forestry”, due to Pinchot’s successor Dr. Carl Schenck who founded the Biltmore Forest School. Biltmore area is known as the “Cradle of Forestry”, due to Pinchot’s successor Dr. Carl Schenck who founded the Biltmore Forest School. Gifford Pinchot went on to: Gifford Pinchot went on to: First chief of the US Forest Service First chief of the US Forest Service Founded the Society of American Foresters Founded the Society of American Foresters Teamed up with Pres. Theodore Roosevelt to establish national forests (especially in the west) Teamed up with Pres. Theodore Roosevelt to establish national forests (especially in the west)

12. History of Forestry in the United States Cornell University offered the first forestry curriculum in 1898, followed by Yale in 1900. Cornell University offered the first forestry curriculum in 1898, followed by Yale in 1900. Soon destructive logging practices were curtailed. Logged land was replanted and fires began to be brought under control. Plants and animals on the verge of extinction started coming back. Soon destructive logging practices were curtailed. Logged land was replanted and fires began to be brought under control. Plants and animals on the verge of extinction started coming back.

13. Forestry in the US Today Today there are 44 accredited undergraduate forestry degree programs. Today there are 44 accredited undergraduate forestry degree programs. Tens of thousands of foresters in the US. Tens of thousands of foresters in the US. The area occupied by forests is estimated to be 72% of what it was in 1960 (prior to European settlement). The area occupied by forests is estimated to be 72% of what it was in 1960 (prior to European settlement). Due to secondary forests maturing, the volume of timber is growing and exceeds the amount being harvested. Due to secondary forests maturing, the volume of timber is growing and exceeds the amount being harvested.

14. Importance of Forests to the Nation Timberland – forest land capable of producing wood in excess of 20 cubic feet/acre/year and not restricted from being harvested. Timberland – forest land capable of producing wood in excess of 20 cubic feet/acre/year and not restricted from being harvested. 490 million acres of timberland in the US. 490 million acres of timberland in the US. Growing need for wood is largely attributed to: Growing need for wood is largely attributed to: Increased population Increased population Increased per capita demand Increased per capita demand Until 1940, the US forest land fulfilled all US wood needs. In 2013, 18.5% of wood products were imported (totaling $14.71 billion). The US is producing only half of its biological potential. Until 1940, the US forest land fulfilled all US wood needs. In 2013, 18.5% of wood products were imported (totaling $14.71 billion). The US is producing only half of its biological potential.

15. Importance of Forests to the South South has warm climate, abundant rainfall, a long growing season, and soils that make for rapid tree growth. South has warm climate, abundant rainfall, a long growing season, and soils that make for rapid tree growth. Pulpwood – wood cut or prepared for manufacture into pulp, which can be made into paper products. Pulpwood – wood cut or prepared for manufacture into pulp, which can be made into paper products. 40% of the nation’s timberland located in South. 40% of the nation’s timberland located in South. ~90% of timberland in the South is in state & private ownership (71% of US as a whole is state & private ownership). ~90% of timberland in the South is in state & private ownership (71% of US as a whole is state & private ownership). South dominates pulp and paper industry (i.e. Paper Mills). South dominates pulp and paper industry (i.e. Paper Mills).

16. Forestry in Kentucky Kentucky State Tree: Liriodendron tulipifera aka Tulip Poplar or Yellow Poplar Kentucky State Tree: Liriodendron tulipifera aka Tulip Poplar or Yellow Poplar Tallest hardwood tree in eastern North America (reaching 200 ft. in height) Tallest hardwood tree in eastern North America (reaching 200 ft. in height) Height: 80’ – 150’ Height: 80’ – 150’ The wood is soft and weak but easy to work with and has many uses The wood is soft and weak but easy to work with and has many uses Early settlers used the wood in building and made home remedies from the inner bark. Early settlers used the wood in building and made home remedies from the inner bark.

18. Leaf Characteristics Broad, flat Broad, flat Simple Simple Pinnately lobed Pinnately lobed Main vein ends in notch Main vein ends in notch Smooth, without bristle tips Smooth, without bristle tips

19. Fruit Characteristics Cone of cone-like Cone of cone-like Cone longer than 1’’ Cone longer than 1’’ Cone soft and fleshy Cone soft and fleshy Scale ends with single wing Scale ends with single wing Narrow, elongate scales Narrow, elongate scales Seed cavity 4-angled Seed cavity 4-angled

20. Kentucky’s State Heritage Tree Gymnocladus dioicus – Kentucky Coffeetree Gymnocladus dioicus – Kentucky Coffeetree

21. Kentucky Coffeetree Ornamental Tree Ornamental Tree 60’ – 75’ ft. tall 60’ – 75’ ft. tall 40’ – 50’ ft. spread (left to right) 40’ – 50’ ft. spread (left to right) Slow to medium growth Slow to medium growth Full sun Full sun Various soils Various soils Oval Shaped Oval Shaped

22. Kentucky Forestry Facts Kentucky has one of the most diverse hardwood species mix in the nation (2 nd to Florida). Kentucky has one of the most diverse hardwood species mix in the nation (2 nd to Florida). 48% of Kentucky is forestland – that’s 12.4 million acres of forest!!! 48% of Kentucky is forestland – that’s 12.4 million acres of forest!!! 88% of Kentucky’s forestland is owned by private landowners. 88% of Kentucky’s forestland is owned by private landowners. 75% of the forestland is composed of oak-hickory forest type. 75% of the forestland is composed of oak-hickory forest type. Oak/Hickory is the most common forest type. Oak/Hickory is the most common forest type.

23. Red Maple Red maple is the most common individual tree species accounting for 12.2% of all trees in Kentucky. Red maple is the most common individual tree species accounting for 12.2% of all trees in Kentucky.

24. Kentucky State Forests Big Rivers Big Rivers Green River Green River Kentenia Kentenia Kentucky Ridge Kentucky Ridge Knobs Knobs Total acres: 43,713 Total acres: 43,713 http://forestry.ky.gov/kentuckysstateforests/pages/default.aspx Marion County Marrowbone Pennyrile Rolleigh Peterson Tygarts

26. Danger to Kentucky Forestry Forest fires are a major threat to Kentucky’s forests. Forest fires are a major threat to Kentucky’s forests. The average number of wildland fires in Kentucky is 1,447 each year. The average number of wildland fires in Kentucky is 1,447 each year. Arson is the No. 1 cause of wildland fires in Kentucky. Arson is the No. 1 cause of wildland fires in Kentucky. No. 2 is uncontrolled debris burning. No. 2 is uncontrolled debris burning. 99% of all wildfires in Kentucky are caused by humans. 99% of all wildfires in Kentucky are caused by humans.

27. Kentucky Wildfires Worst wildfire in Kentucky: 2001 with a total of 178,925 acres burned. Worst wildfire in Kentucky: 2001 with a total of 178,925 acres burned. Hand crews put out most of the wildland fires in Kentucky. Hand crews put out most of the wildland fires in Kentucky. In the western region of the US aircraft assistance is used. In the western region of the US aircraft assistance is used. Aircraft assistance is only used in extreme situations. Aircraft assistance is only used in extreme situations.

28. Assignment Other than the current methods, what are some new ways we can educate people about the dangers of wildfires? Other than the current methods, what are some new ways we can educate people about the dangers of wildfires? What do these wildfires do to our environment? What do these wildfires do to our environment?