1. Instinct theories of motivation are often criticized because:
LO 9.2
Instinct theories of motivation are often criticized because:
They provide circular explanations of behavior (e.g., a person is aggressive because they have an aggressive instinct).
They do not take into account biological factors involved in motivation.
They were only used to account for motivation in animals.
They were limited in the types of motivations that they attempted to explain (e.g., sexual, aggressive).
They provide a parsimonious explanation of motivating factors behind a wide variety of behaviors.

2. Instinct theories of motivation are often criticized because:
LO 9.2
Instinct theories of motivation are often criticized because:
They provide circular explanations of behavior (e.g., a person is aggressive because they have an aggressive instinct). (p. 337)
They do not take into account biological factors involved in motivation.
They were only used to account for motivation in animals.
They were limited in the types of motivations that they attempted to explain (e.g., sexual, aggressive).
They provide a parsimonious explanation of motivating factors behind a wide variety of behaviors.

3. According to drive reduction theory, ____________ is the
LO 9.3
According to drive reduction theory, ____________ is the
tendency of the body to maintain a steady state, keeping
body functions at a balanced level.
needs
primary drives
acquired drives
homeostasis
motivation

4. According to drive reduction theory, ____________ is the
LO 9.3
According to drive reduction theory, ____________ is the
tendency of the body to maintain a steady state, keeping
body functions at a balanced level.
needs
primary drives
acquired drives
homeostasis (p. 338)
motivation

5. According to Dweck, those who view intelligence with an
LO 9.4
According to Dweck, those who view intelligence with an
external locus of control may believe or develop all of the
following EXCEPT:
Development of learned helplessness
Avoid situations in which they might fail
Giving up easily due to past failures
Belief that intelligence can be altered by one’s own actions and efforts
Belief that intelligence is shaped almost entirely by the environment and can be changed

6. According to Dweck, those who view intelligence with an
LO 9.4
According to Dweck, those who view intelligence with an
external locus of control may believe or develop all of the
following EXCEPT:
Development of learned helplessness
Avoid situations in which they might fail
Giving up easily due to past failures
Belief that intelligence can be altered by one’s own actions and efforts
Belief that intelligence is shaped almost entirely by the environment and can be changed (p )

7. A person who can get along best with others is likely to be
high in what type of need?
Need for power
Need for affiliation
Need for achievement
Sensation seeking
Intrinsic motivation

8. A person who can get along best with others is likely to be
high in what type of need?
Need for power
Need for affiliation (p. 340)
Need for achievement
Sensation seeking
Intrinsic motivation

9. According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, which of the following
conditions will produce optimal task performance?
High levels of arousal for difficult tasks
Low levels of arousal for easy tasks
Moderately high levels of arousal for easy tasks
Low levels of arousal for difficult tasks
The same moderate levels of arousal for both easy and difficult tasks

10. According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, which of the following
conditions will produce optimal task performance?
High levels of arousal for difficult tasks
Low levels of arousal for easy tasks
Moderately high levels of arousal for easy tasks (p. 341)
Low levels of arousal for difficult tasks
The same moderate levels of arousal for both easy and difficult tasks

11. The order of needs on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is:
Safety, physiological, belongingness, cognitive, self-actualization, aesthetic
Belongingness, self-actualization, cognitive, safety, physiological, aesthetic, esteem
Physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, self-actualization, cognitive, aesthetic
Physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, cognitive, aesthetic, self-actualization
Physiological, safety, esteem, cognitive, belongingness, aesthetic, self-actualization

12. The order of needs on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is:
Safety, physiological, belongingness, cognitive, self-actualization, aesthetic
Belongingness, self-actualization, cognitive, safety, physiological, aesthetic, esteem
Physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, self-actualization, cognitive, aesthetic
Physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, cognitive, aesthetic, self-actualization (p. 343)
Physiological, safety, esteem, cognitive, belongingness, aesthetic, self-actualization

13. One of the major needs according to Deci’s theory of self-
LO 9.8
One of the major needs according to Deci’s theory of self-
determination is:
biological needs
the need to be in control of one’s behavior and goals (autonomy)
the need to feel independent (apart) from others
intelligence
free emotional expression

14. One of the major needs according to Deci’s theory of self-
LO 9.8
One of the major needs according to Deci’s theory of self-
determination is:
biological needs
the need to be in control of one’s behavior and goals (autonomy) (p )
the need to feel independent (apart) from others
intelligence
free emotional expression

15. A set of parents pay their child each time she cleans up her
LO 9.6
A set of parents pay their child each time she cleans up her
room (a task she doesn’t enjoy). What do you predict will
happen in terms of her interest level on this task?
Intrinsic motivation is decreased after giving external reward for a task that is not very interesting.
Intrinsic motivation is increased after giving external reward for a task that is not very interesting.
The child will offer to clear her room voluntarily in the future.
The child will find cleaning her room more satisfying over time, but only if external reward is maintained.
The child will find cleaning her room more satisfying over time, even if external reward is not given.

16. A set of parents pay their child each time she cleans up her
LO 9.6
A set of parents pay their child each time she cleans up her
room (a task she doesn’t enjoy). What do you predict will
happen in terms of her interest level on this task?
Intrinsic motivation is decreased after giving external reward for a task that is not very interesting. (p. 346)
Intrinsic motivation is increased after giving external reward for a task that is not very interesting.
The child will offer to clear her room voluntarily in the future.
The child will find cleaning her room more satisfying over time, but only if external reward is maintained.
The child will find cleaning her room more satisfying over time, even if external reward is not given.

17. The area of the brain that is responsible for initiating eating
LO 9.9
The area of the brain that is responsible for initiating eating
behavior, or stimulating feelings of hunger, is called:
Lateral hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Ventromedial hypothalamus
Frontal cortex
Medulla

18. The area of the brain that is responsible for initiating eating
LO 9.9
The area of the brain that is responsible for initiating eating
behavior, or stimulating feelings of hunger, is called:
Lateral hypothalamus (p. 347)
Hippocampus
Ventromedial hypothalamus
Frontal cortex
Medulla

19. _____________ is a factor known to play a key role in
LO 9.12
_____________ is a factor known to play a key role in
obesity and is involved in signaling to the body that enough
food has been ingested.
Weight set point
Basal metabolic rate
Leptin
Insulin
Glucose

20. _____________ is a factor known to play a key role in
LO 9.12
_____________ is a factor known to play a key role in
obesity and is involved in signaling to the body that enough
food has been ingested.
Weight set point
Basal metabolic rate
Leptin (p )
Insulin
Glucose

21. Which of the following is true about the difference in eating
behaviors among people from Japan and America?
There was a difference in eating behaviors between men from both cultures.
Japanese women were more likely to eat for emotional reasons.
Men and women from Japan were more likely to eat while watching TV or movies.
American women were more likely to eat for emotional reasons.
American women were more likely to eat due to social demands.

22. Which of the following is true about the difference in eating
behaviors among people from Japan and America?
There was a difference in eating behaviors between men from both cultures.
Japanese women were more likely to eat for emotional reasons.
Men and women from Japan were more likely to eat while watching TV or movies.
American women were more likely to eat for emotional reasons. (p )
American women were more likely to eat due to social demands.

23. All of the following are characteristics of a person suffering
from anorexia nervosa EXCEPT:
It may be caused by a rejection of sexual maturity.
It is more characteristic of a person with a perfectionist attitude.
It involves cycles of binging and purging.
It can lead to irregular heart beat and abnormal hormone secretion.
It is often caused by a distorted sense of body image.

24. All of the following are characteristics of a person suffering
from anorexia nervosa EXCEPT:
It may be caused by a rejection of sexual maturity.
It is more characteristic of a person with a perfectionist attitude.
It involves cycles of binging and purging. (p )
It can lead to irregular heart beat and abnormal hormone secretion.
It is often caused by a distorted sense of body image.

25. A person experiences increased heart rate and respiration
LO 9.13
A person experiences increased heart rate and respiration
in response to seeing a snake and interprets these
sympathetic nervous system responses as fear. What
component of emotion does this best represent?
Behavioral
Physiological
Subjective
Biological
Objective

26. A person experiences increased heart rate and respiration
LO 9.13
A person experiences increased heart rate and respiration
in response to seeing a snake and interprets these
sympathetic nervous system responses as fear. What
component of emotion does this best represent?
Behavioral
Physiological
Subjective (p. 356)
Biological
Objective

27. The idea that the experience of emotion (e.g., sadness)
LO 9.15
The idea that the experience of emotion (e.g., sadness)
and the bodily reactions associated with the emotion (e.g.,
lower body temperature) occur at the same time is
predicted by which theory of emotion?
Facial feedback
James Lange
Cannon Bard
Cognitive arousal
Cognitive mediational

28. The idea that the experience of emotion (e.g., sadness)
LO 9.15
The idea that the experience of emotion (e.g., sadness)
and the bodily reactions associated with the emotion (e.g.,
lower body temperature) occur at the same time is
predicted by which theory of emotion?
Facial feedback
James Lange
Cannon Bard (p )
Cognitive arousal
Cognitive mediational

29. Which theory predicts that a person can experience very
LO 9.16
Which theory predicts that a person can experience very
different emotions (e.g., anger vs. happiness) from the
same source of physiological arousal (e.g., a drug such as
cocaine)?
Cannon Bard
James Lange
Facial feedback
Cognitive arousal
Cognitive mediational

30. Which theory predicts that a person can experience very
LO 9.16
Which theory predicts that a person can experience very
different emotions (e.g., anger vs. happiness) from the
same source of physiological arousal (e.g., a drug such as
cocaine)?
Cannon Bard
James Lange
Facial feedback
Cognitive arousal (p. 358)
Cognitive mediational

31. The idea that we are angry because we frown would be
LO 9.18
The idea that we are angry because we frown would be
predicted by which theory of emotion?
Facial feedback
Cognitive arousal
Cannon Bard
James Lange
Cognitive mediational

32. The idea that we are angry because we frown would be
LO 9.18
The idea that we are angry because we frown would be
predicted by which theory of emotion?
Facial feedback (p )
Cognitive arousal
Cannon Bard
James Lange
Cognitive mediational