1. - King Leopold II of Belgium
“I do not want to miss a good chance of getting us a slice of this magnificent African cake.”
- King Leopold II of Belgium

2. Thoughts to consider…
Why do you think that there was such a demand for African land?
Which nations do you think were most fought over among the European powers?
Does this act of imperialism relate to any other acts in world history?

4. Defining Key Concepts…
IMPERIALISM: the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies
COLONIZATION: the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people (to settle an area and take control)

5. Africa in the 1800’s
Continent made up of hundreds of ethnic groups and languages
Slave trade
European trading posts only along coasts
Emissaries sent to investigate

8. Europeans Colonize Africa
Why Africa?!
Natural resources & raw materials (industrialization)
To build empires (nationalism)
NATIONALISM: Devotion to one's nation; love of your country & willingness to sacrifice anything for it
Spread Christianity
Racism?
Superiority v. Inferiority
Civilized v. Uncivilized
Three “G’s”: GOLD, GLORY, & GOD

9. “The sun never sets on the British Empire…”
European competition for colonies leads to establishing empires…

10. Factors Enabling Colonization
Inter-European power struggles and competition for preeminence (the fact of surpassing all others; superiority)
Ethnic conflicts in Africa
New advances in medicine
Malaria vaccine, Penicillin
Industrialization
New technology among the Europeans
Weapons, Steamships, Railroads
Social problems?

11. Industrial Revolution
INDUSTRIALIZATION: the development of a society
It refers to the large-scale production process of machines and new technologies that allow a society to move forward.

12. Industrial Revolution
European countries needed natural resources & raw materials (rubber, metals, minerals)
Africa had a plethora (overabundance) of natural resources
New markets for goods

13. Everyone wants a piece of the magnificent African cake…
“Scramble for Africa”: Prospects of exploiting African resources that resulted in nationalist rivalries between European empires for control of Africa
Berlin Conference: Meeting proposed by German chancellor Otto von Bismarck to devise ground rules with 14 European states for the colonization of Africa

14. SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA
The “scramble for Africa” took place between 1875 and 1900
Geographical information compiled by explorers & adventurers held great interest for European imperialists
Henry Stanley of Belgium established a colony called Congo Free State, 18070’s
Taking advantage of Egypt’s unrest, Britain occupied Egypt, 1882

15. Berlin Conference 1884-1885 European leaders wanted to avoid war…
Agree upon carving up African continent into colonies
Drawn up without African participation
Provided the basis for the subsequent partition (break up), invasion, and colonization of Africa by various European powers
European armies sent to consolidate their claims & impose colonial rule

16. Berlin Conference
RESULT: a transformation of political & economic Africa, with virtually all parts of the continent colonized by 1900
European colonies embraced all of Africa except Ethiopia & Liberia

17. Simulation…
Use Mimio map instead of this one.

19. Debriefing… What areas did you get for your country?
What areas did your country actually get?
How fair was this for Europeans?
How fair was this for Africans?

20. Impacts & Effects of European Rule
African people had little power in their governments
Europeans gained power in part by encouraging rivalries among ethnic groups
Europeans took the best land to farm
Drew political boundaries that divided ethnic groups & forced different groups to live together

21. Ticket to Leave… Complete AFRICAN COLONIZATION TICKET-TO-LEAVE
When finished, stick in period 7 bin!
If time, you may begin your homework: Berlin Conference Diary Entry Assignment…