1. Unit 13 Language Study Word study & Modal Verbs

2. Yan Dang Mountain

5. Water can Ability What Properties does water have? turn solid when frozen dissolve gases and solids give off gas when heated

6. What does he/she hope he/she can do? Ability She can perform ballet( 芭蕾 ). He hoped he could fly a plane. On Oct.15,2003, he was able to ( × could) complete China’s first space flight.

7. What ability would you like to develop? I hope I can … I hope I am able to… I wish I could… Ability

8. Necessity What do you need to do in order to reach your ability? I must/should… I have (got) to … I need to…

9. Ability Necessity I must/should… I have (got) to … I need to… I hope I can … I hope I am able to… I wish I could…

10. Request

11. Permission The road signs indicate People may/can…

12. Permission When a driver sees the road signs, he mustn’t/can’t…

13. When a driver sees the road sign, he must/have (got) to/should… Necessity

14. As many as 3000 million people throughout the world could face a water shortage by 2025 if the present situation continues. By then, the global population is expected to reach about 7.5 billion. Many big cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin, will suffer severe water shortages, … As many as 3000 million people throughout the world could face a water shortage by 2025 if the present situation continues. By then, the global population is expected to reach about 7.5 billion. Many big cities, including Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin, will suffer severe water shortages, … If it is true, what may or will happen in the future? What should people do to solve the problem?

15. Guessing A water shortage can/could … Lack of water may/might… Possibility Certainty If lack of water continues, people will/must/should… If it is true, what may or will happen in the future?

16. Suggestion What should people do to solve the problem?What should people do to solve the problem? People (We, Scientists,etc.) should/ought to/had better… Or We can/could/may …

17. Possibility:Ability:Requests:Necessity:Certainty:Permission:Suggestions:Advice: can / could, may / might can / could, be able to can / could, will / would, would like must, have to, have got to, need must, will, should can / could, may / might could, may / might, shall should, ought to, had better

18. Summary Modal Verbs Model Verbs Examples Ability Necessity Permission Guessing (possibility /certainty) Suggestion /Advice Request can / could be able to He can/could fly a plane. must/ have to /have got to/need He had to get special training. can/could may/might/mustn’t We must protect water. might/may/could /should/must /will/can Lack of water in the future may result in several problems. could/may / might shall/should/ought to had better Could you help me? /Would you like to help me? We had better use water for more than one purpose. can/could/will would/would can/could/will /would/would like People can walk this way. A driver mustn’t drive beyond the speed limit.

19. 1.One of your best classmates is absent from class, and you care much about his or her absence. (guessing, ability, necessity, suggestion, etc.) 2. Your school carry out a ban on carrying a cell phone in the school campus. You and your classmates argue over this school rule. (permission, necessity, request, suggestion, etc.) 3. In your family, your parents have found the charges( 费用 ) for water and electricity are rising these days. You are having a family meeting. (guessing, request, necessity, suggestion,etc.)

20. Finish grammar exercises on page 21 and page 98. Finish grammar exercises on page 21 and page 98. HomeworkHomework

21. Thank you for your attention!