2. Clique sur l’Afrique du Sud

3. On trouve beaucoup d’animaux sauvages en Afrique du Sud, et ce, depuis très longtemps. Pourras-tu reconnaître les animaux représentés dans les peintures rupestres? Une de ces peintures ne date pas de l’époque préhistorique, peux-tu trouver laquelle?

4. Buffalo are extremely large, ox-like animals. Standing approximately 65 inches at the shoulder, adult males have a mass of up to 1760 pounds and females weigh up to 1650 pounds. To support the large body, the legs are very heavy. Front hooves are larger than the hind because of the extra mass they carry in the huge head and thick neck. Both sexes carry horns, which in the males can grow to 1.5m. Buffalo varies considerably in size, with some of the forest populations half the size of those from the plains and Savannah. SOUTH AFRICA WILDLIFE The Buffalo {Syncerus Caffer}

5. The African Elephant is the largest living land mammal, one of the most impressive animals on earth. The Elephant's muscular trunk serves as a nose, hand, extra foot, signaling device and a tool for gathering food, siphoning water, dusting, digging and a variety of other functions. The long trunk permits the elephant to reach as high as 23 feet. It is capable of powerful twisting and coiling movements used for tearing down trees or fighting. The trunk of the African elephant has two finger-like structures at its tip. The tusks, another remarkable feature, are greatly elongated incisors (elephants have no canine teeth). Tusks grow for most of an elephant's lifetime and are an indicator of age. They are "right or left tusked" using the favoured tusk as a tool, shortening it from constant wear. SOUTH AFRICA WILDLIFE The Elephant {Loxodonta Africana}

6. The most secretive and elusive of the large carnivores, the leopard is also the shrewdest. Pound for pound, it is the strongest climber of the larger cats and is capable of killing prey far larger than itself. The coloring of the leopard varies from white to bright golden brown, spotted with black spots and rosettes. The rosettes consist of groups of 5 to 6 spots arranged in a tight ring. The tail is longer than half the body length measured from head to tail. This fierce animal has small round ears and long whiskers growing from dark spots on the upper lip. The size of the leopard varies considerably. The leopard differs from the cheetah in having shorter legs, and rosette-like spots and is without the cheetah’s black "tear" marks from eye to mouth.cheetah SOUTH AFRICA WILDLIFE Leopard {Panthera Pardus}

7. Lions are the second largest members of the feline family in the world. Lion are tan in colour and have a slightly white under-body, with a tuft of black hair at the end of their tails. Most cat species live a fundamentally solitary existence, but the lion is an exception. It has developed a social system based on teamwork and a division of labour within the pride, and an extended but closed family unit centres around a group of related females. The average pride consists of about 15 individuals, including five to 10 females with their young and two or three territorial males that are usually brothers or pride mates. SOUTH AFRICA WILDLIFE The Lion {Panthera Leo}

8. The rhinoceros is a large, primitive looking mammal that in fact dates from the Miocene era millions of years ago. In recent decades rhinos have been relentlessly hunted to the point of near extinction. Since 1970 the world rhino population has declined by 90 percent, with five species remaining in the world today, all of which are endangered. The white or square-lipped rhino is one of two rhino species in Africa. It in turn occurs as two subspecies, the southern and the northern. The southern dwindled almost to extinction in the early 20th century, but was protected on farms and reserves, enabling it to increase enough to be reintroduced. The northern white rhino has recovered in Democratic Republic of Congo from about 15 in 1984 to about 30 in the late 1990s. This population has been threatened by political conflict and instability.endangered SOUTH AFRICA WILDLIFE The Rhinoceros

9. Rhinos are being poached in South Africa. “Poaching” is when people (“poachers”) illegally kill a wild animal. This year so far 341 rhinos have been poached in South Africa. That’s the most, ever, for one year. Rhino horns are believed by some people, particularly in Asia, to be able to cure ailments like nosebleeds and fevers. No one knows if this is actually true. Even if the horns did have medicinal properties, there are many modern medicines available that are likely to be much more effective. They are also used as handles for ornamental daggers in some countries. The horns can sell for $35,000 per kilogram. The poaching is leading to a crisis in the rhino population, which is dwindling. Some Rhino facts: *Rhinos can sleep standing or lying down. *Rhino is short for rhinoceros. *Rhinoceros is made of two ancient Greek words: rhino (“nose”) and keras (“horn”). *A rhino’s horn is made of keratin, the same type of protein your hair and nails are made of. *The plural of rhinoceros is rhinoceros or rhinoceroses.

10. South Africa is called the Rainbow Nation.Rainbow Nation South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological and human fossil sites in the world.Extensive fossil remains have been recovered from a series of caves in Gauteng Province. The area is a UNESCO World Heritage site and has been termed the Cradle of Humankind.South Africa cavesthe Cradle of Humankind Modern humans have inhabited Southern Africa for at least 170,000 years. At the time of European contact, the dominant indigenous peoples were Bantu-speaking peoples who had migrated from other parts of Africa about one thousand years before. The two major historic groups were the Xhosa and Zulu peoples. In 1487, the Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias led the first European voyage to land in southern Africa. In 1652, a century and a half after the discovery of the Cape Sea Route, Jan van Riebeeck established a refreshment station at the Cape of Good Hope, at what would become Cape Town, on behalf of the Dutch East India Company. The discovery of diamonds, and later gold, was one of the catalysts that triggered the 19th-century conflict known as the Anglo-Boer War, as the Boers (original Dutch, Flemish, German, and French settlers) and the British fought for the control of the South African mineral wealth. Cape Town became a British colony in 1806.diamonds, and later gold On 31 May 1961, following a whites-only referendum, the country became a republic and left the Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be head of state, and the last Governor-General became State President. Despite opposition both within and outside the country, the government legislated for a continuation of apartheid. apartheid In 1990 the National Party government took the first step towards dismantling discrimination when it lifted the ban on the African National Congress and other political organizations. It released Nelson Mandela from prison after twenty-seven years' serving a sentence for sabotage.Nelson Mandela

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14. Rolihlahla Mandela was born in 1918. On his first day at school, he was given an English name : Nelson.Nelson Mandela began to study for a Bachelor of Arts at the Fort Hare University, he took an interest in boxing and running. At the end of Nelson's first year, he became involved in a Students' Representative Council boycott against university policies. He was told to leave Fort Hare and not return unless he accepted election to the SRC.boycott After the 1948 election victory of the Afrikaner-dominated National Party, which supported the apartheid policy of racial segregation, Mandela began actively participating in politics. Initially committed to nonviolent resistance, Mandela and 150 others were arrested on 5 December 1956 and charged with treason. In June 1961, Mandela sent a letter to South African newspapers warning the government, that if they did not meet their demands, the Umkhonto we Sizwe would embark on a campaign of sabotage. On 5 August 1962 Mandela was arrested and was imprisoned in the Johannesburg Fort. Mandela remained twenty-seven years in prison. Whilst in prison Mandela undertook study with the University of London by correspondence and received the degree of Bachelor of Laws. Local and international pressure mounted on the South African government to release him, under the resounding slogan « Free Nelson Mandela ».In 1989, Botha suffered a stroke and was replaced as president by Frederik Willem de Klerk. De Klerk announced Mandela's release in February 1990.« Free Nelson Mandela ». Mandela was released on 11 February 1990. South Africa's first multi-racial elections were held on 27 April 1994. The ANC won 62% of the votes in the election, and Mandela, as leader of the ANC, was inaugurated on 10 May 1994 as the country's first black President.first multi-racial elections Mandela became the oldest elected President of South Africa when he took office at the age of 75 in 1994. He decided not to stand for a second term and retired in 1999, to be succeeded by Thabo Mbeki. After his retirement as President, Mandela went on to become an advocate for a variety of social and human rights organisations.

19. Among the nation's gold mines are two of the deepest mines in the world. The East Rand Mine, in Boksburg, extends to a depth of 3,585 metres (11,762 ft). South Africa has been a world leader in diamond production.

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