3. The Road to Revolution: 1754-1783 *The Approaching Conflict *The War *The End of the Colonial Era in America

4. I.The Approaching Conflict A. Anglo-French Rivalries 1. The two countries battle for land in North America at a great expense 2. French & Indian War (1756-1763) a) Final conflict: British win b) Problems for British 1) Significant financial debt 2) Pontiac’s Rebellion Proclamation of 1763 3) Colonists begin meeting and organizing Albany Plan of Union

5. B. Changes Impact the Colonies 1. Parliamentary taxes end salutary neglect a) Stamp Act (revenue raising) b) Declaratory Act (exercise of Parliament’s authority) c) Townsend Act 2. Tensions increase and colonists act out a) Boston Tea Party b) Boston Massacre c) Committees of correspondence d) Boycotts e) Petitions (Olive Branch Petition)

6. C. Ideology of Revolution 1. Natural rights (life, liberty, happiness) 2. Social contract (consent of governed) 3. Civil rights (“no taxation without representation”) 4. Independence 5. Key Works a) Second Treatise on Government b) “Common Sense” c) Declaration of Independence

7. II. The War (1776-1783) A. Continental Congress 1. Initially exercised little leadership 2. Chose Washington as head of military 3. Stayed in session throughout the war

8. B. French Alliance 1. Battle of Saratoga was the turning point 2. Provided navy and money to the war effort 3. Becomes an entangling alliance for US

9. C. Impacts on Society 1. In essence a civil war Patriots v. Loyalists 2. African-Americans offered freedom to fight by BOTH the British and the Americans 3. Native Americans help British in hopes of preventing further land expansion by the Americans

10. D. Economic Struggles 1. Inflation 2. Decrease in trade due to British occupation of ports 3. Paper money is virtually worthless E. New Government Developed Articles of Confederation 1. State constitutions provide for separation of powers, voting and office holding guidelines 2. Powers of central government are vague and limited

11. III. The End of the Colonial Era in America A. Treaty of Paris of 1783 1. Officially ends the war 2. US independence is recognized 3. Western boundary set at the Mississippi River 4. Persecution of Loyalists is to end 5. Fishing rights off coast of Canada granted to US

12. B. Political Outcomes 1. New government is struggling 2. Problems for government under Articles a) Congress has no real power b) Little respect for US on world scene c) Shays’s Rebellion

13. C. Economic Outcomes 1. HUGE debt to France 2. Paper money issued by Congress and states is worthless D. Social Outcomes 1. Women helped maintain economy and provided supplies and service to the war, yet remain second class citizens 2. Slavery remains intact, even though it is a violation of the ideals of the Revolution 3. Native Americans face continued expansion by American settlers