2. Infection Control Universal Precautions Immune/Lymphatic Systems

3. Disease Transmission

4. Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another. Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another.

5. Disease Transmission Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another. Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another. Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or other body fluids—HBV, HIV Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or other body fluids—HBV, HIV

6. Disease Transmission Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another. Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another. Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or other body fluids—HBV, HIV Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or other body fluids—HBV, HIV Airborne transmission- exposure to respiratory droplets (cough, sneeze, breath) colds, flu, TB Airborne transmission- exposure to respiratory droplets (cough, sneeze, breath) colds, flu, TB

7. Disease Transmission Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another. Communicable Disease- contagious, spread from 1 person to another. Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or other body fluids—HBV, HIV Blood borne transmission- contact through blood or other body fluids—HBV, HIV Airborne transmission- exposure to respiratory droplets (cough, sneeze, breath) colds, flu, TB Airborne transmission- exposure to respiratory droplets (cough, sneeze, breath) colds, flu, TB Food/Water borne (fecal/oral)- eat or drink contaminated substances- food poisoning, some hepatitis viruses Food/Water borne (fecal/oral)- eat or drink contaminated substances- food poisoning, some hepatitis viruses

8. Universal Precautions Treat all pts as if they are contaminated. Treat all pts as if they are contaminated.

9. Universal Precautions Treat all pts as if they are contaminated. Treat all pts as if they are contaminated. Always protect yourself, the pt, and the surroundings. Always protect yourself, the pt, and the surroundings.

10. Chain of infection

11. Pathogen

12. Reservoir

13. Pathogen Reservoir Exit Portal

14. Pathogen Reservoir Exit Portal Transport

15. Pathogen Reservoir Exit Portal Transport Entry Portal

16. Pathogen Reservoir Exit Portal Transport Entry Portal Host

17. Chain of Infection Example Pathogen- Flu Pathogen- Flu

18. Chain of Infection Example Pathogen- Flu Pathogen- Flu Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc…

19. Chain of Infection Example Pathogen- Flu Pathogen- Flu Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Exit portal- nose Exit portal- nose

20. Chain of Infection Example Pathogen- Flu Pathogen- Flu Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Exit portal- nose Exit portal- nose Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva

21. Chain of Infection Example Pathogen- Flu Pathogen- Flu Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Exit portal- nose Exit portal- nose Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva Entry portal- mucous membranes Entry portal- mucous membranes

22. Chain of Infection Example Pathogen- Flu Pathogen- Flu Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Reservoir- tissues, nose juice etc… Exit portal- nose Exit portal- nose Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva Transport- sneeze, hands, saliva Entry portal- mucous membranes Entry portal- mucous membranes Host- you Host- you

23. Common Portals of exit and entry Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes

24. Common Portals of exit and entry Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Digestive tract – eat the critter Digestive tract – eat the critter

25. Common Portals of exit and entry Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Digestive tract- eat the critter Digestive tract- eat the critter Respiratory tract Respiratory tract

26. Common Portals of exit and entry Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Digestive tract- eat the critter Digestive tract- eat the critter Respiratory tract Respiratory tract Open wounds and skin lesions Open wounds and skin lesions

27. Common Portals of exit and entry Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Mucous Membranes-nose, mouth and eyes Digestive tract- eat the critter Digestive tract- eat the critter Respiratory tract Respiratory tract Open wounds and skin lesions Open wounds and skin lesions Hands Hands

28. In order to stop the infection you must…… Break the chain Break the chain

29. How to break the chain Pathogen-kill it— Pathogen-kill it— Reservoir- clean it up Reservoir- clean it up Exit portal- nose--control the portal Exit portal- nose--control the portal Transport-sneeze—stay way from Transport-sneeze—stay way from Entry portal- mucous membrane- Wash hands Entry portal- mucous membrane- Wash hands Host- you—be healthy---sleep, eat right, exercise Host- you—be healthy---sleep, eat right, exercise

30. How to break the chain cont. Wash Hands Wash Hands

31. How to break the chain cont. Wash Hands Wash Hands Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding

32. How to break the chain cont. Wash Hands Wash Hands Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Intact skin Intact skin

33. How to break the chain cont. Wash Hands Wash Hands Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Intact skin Intact skin Healthy and well rested Healthy and well rested

34. How to break the chain cont. Wash Hands Wash Hands Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Intact skin Intact skin Healthy and well rested Healthy and well rested Cover wounds Cover wounds

35. How to break the chain cont. Wash Hands Wash Hands Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Protect you, the pt, and the surrounding Intact skin Intact skin Healthy and well rested Healthy and well rested Cover wounds Cover wounds Sterilize Instruments Sterilize Instruments

36. How to break the chain cont.. PPE’s – Personal Protection Equipment

37. PPE’s – Personal Protection Equipment 1. Gloves

38. PPE’s – Personal Protection Equipment 1. Gloves 2. Face shields/masks

39. PPE’s – Personal Protection Equipment 1. Gloves 2. Face shields/masks 3. Eye protection

40. PPE’s – Personal Protection Equipment 1. Gloves 2. Face shields/masks 3. Eye protection 4. Scrubs

41. PPE’s – Personal Protection Equipment 1. Gloves 2. Face shields/masks 3. Eye protection 4. Scrubs 5. gowns

42. Growth requirements for Microbes Heat Heat

43. Growth requirements for Microbes Heat Heat Food Food

44. Growth requirements for Microbes Heat Heat Food Food Darkness Darkness

45. Growth requirements for Microbes Heat Heat Food Food Darkness Darkness Moisture Moisture

46. Classification of Microbes Bacteria-strep throat Bacteria-strep throat

47. virus FLU, HIV FLU, HIV

48. Fungus Athletes foot Athletes foot

49. Yeast and Molds Thrush Thrush

50. Parasites Tape worm, malaria Tape worm, malaria

51. Signs and Symptoms of an Infection Inflammation = red, heat, swelling, pain Inflammation = red, heat, swelling, pain

52. Signs and Symptoms of an Infection Inflammation=red, heat, swelling, pain Inflammation=red, heat, swelling, pain Pus Pus

53. Signs and Symptoms of an Infection Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain Pus Pus fever fever

54. Signs and Symptoms of an Infection Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain Pus Pus Fever Fever Growths Growths

55. Signs and Symptoms of an Infection Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain Inflammation-red, heat, swelling, pain Pus Pus Fever Fever Growths Growths Body reaction- seizures, convulsion, organ shut down Body reaction- seizures, convulsion, organ shut down

57. Immune/Lymphatic System Controls the body’s defense system and garbage (metabolic waste) system. Controls the body’s defense system and garbage (metabolic waste) system.

58. Lymphatic System

59. Function Function

60. Lymphatic System Function Function Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins

61. Lymphatic System Function Function Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K), some vitamins dissolve in fat, other vitamins dissolve in water. Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K), some vitamins dissolve in fat, other vitamins dissolve in water.

62. Lymphatic System Function Function Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) Remove and filter cellular waste products and return fluid into the circulatory system. Remove and filter cellular waste products and return fluid into the circulatory system.

63. Lymphatic System Function Function Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) Absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) Remove and filter cellular waste products and return fluid into the circulatory system Remove and filter cellular waste products and return fluid into the circulatory system Assists the immune system. Assists the immune system.

64. Lymphatic System Structures Structures

65. Lymphatic System Structures Structures Lymph fluid Lymph fluid

66. Lymphatic System Structures Structures Lymph fluid Lymph fluid Lymph glands—neck, axillary and inguinal (groin area)—filters Lymph glands—neck, axillary and inguinal (groin area)—filters

67. Lymphatic System Structures Structures Lymph fluid Lymph fluid Lymph glands—neck, axillary and inguinal (groin area)—filters Lymph glands—neck, axillary and inguinal (groin area)—filters Spleen- filter Spleen- filter

68. Lymphatic System Structures Structures Lymph fluid Lymph fluid Lymph glands—neck, axillary and inguinal (groin area)—filters Lymph glands—neck, axillary and inguinal (groin area)—filters Spleen- filter Spleen- filter Lymph vessels-carry the lymph fluid Lymph vessels-carry the lymph fluid

69. Immune System

70. Functions Functions

71. Immune System Functions Functions Protect the body from invading organisms (pathogens, microbes) Protect the body from invading organisms (pathogens, microbes)

72. Immune System Functions Functions Protect the body from invading organisms Protect the body from invading organisms Destroys organisms that have invaded. Destroys organisms that have invaded.

73. Immune System Functions Functions Protect the body from invading organisms Protect the body from invading organisms Destroys organisms that have invaded. Destroys organisms that have invaded. Raise body temperature to kill microbes that are temperature sensitive. Raise body temperature to kill microbes that are temperature sensitive.

74. Immune System Structures Structures

75. Immune System Structures Structures Uses all other body systems, organs and tissues. Uses all other body systems, organs and tissues.

76. Immune System Structures Structures Uses all other body systems, organs and tissues. Uses all other body systems, organs and tissues. Specialized cells that eat, puncture, or dissolve microbes on contact Specialized cells that eat, puncture, or dissolve microbes on contact

77. First lines of Defense

78. Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc…

79. First lines of Defense Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps microbes/critters and gunk that is breathed in. Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps microbes/critters and gunk that is breathed in.

80. First lines of Defense Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps critters and gunk breathed in. Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps critters and gunk breathed in. Digestive system- digestive juices destroy microbes/critters that may have been eaten. Digestive system- digestive juices destroy microbes/critters that may have been eaten.

81. First lines of Defense Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Intact Skin- not cuts, scrapes, sores etc… Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps critters and gunk breathed in. Respiratory System- nose hair, mucous that traps critters and gunk breathed in. Digestive system- digestive juices destroy critters that may have been eaten. Digestive system- digestive juices destroy critters that may have been eaten. Lymphatic system Lymphatic system

82. Immune System Response Factors

83. Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress.

84. Immune System Response Factors Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more immunity we have. Under the age of 5 and above 60 y/o is when our immune system is the weakest. Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more immunity we have. Under the age of 5 and above 60 y/o is when our immune system is the weakest.

85. Immune System Response Factors Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more immunity we have. Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more immunity we have. Heredity- Genes and genetics can determine your immune system response. Heredity- Genes and genetics can determine your immune system response.

86. Immune System Response Factors Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Health- sleep, diet, exercise and stress. Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more immunity we have. Age- The older we get, to about Age 60 the more immunity we have. Heredity- Genes and genetics can determine your immune system response. Heredity- Genes and genetics can determine your immune system response. Opportunistic Infection- pathogen that would not usually infect, but if host is weak, it will infect. Opportunistic Infection- pathogen that would not usually infect, but if host is weak, it will infect.

87. The Immune Reaction

88. Antigen- any substance the body regards as foreign. Antigen- any substance the body regards as foreign.

89. The Immune Reaction Antigen- any substance the body regards as foreign. Antigen- any substance the body regards as foreign. Antibody- a disease fighting protein Antibody- a disease fighting protein

90. The Immune Reaction Antigen- any substance the body regards as foreign. Antigen- any substance the body regards as foreign. Antibody- a disease fighting protein Antibody- a disease fighting protein Antibody + Antigen=immune reaction Antibody + Antigen=immune reaction

91. The Immune Reaction Most of the time the immune reaction is specific. Most of the time the immune reaction is specific.

92. The Immune Reaction Most of the time the immune reaction is specific. Most of the time the immune reaction is specific. Antibody A Antigen A

93. The Immune Reaction Most of the time the immune reaction is specific. Most of the time the immune reaction is specific. Antibody A Antigen B

94. The Immune Reaction The body creates new antibodies for each new infection. The body creates new antibodies for each new infection.

95. The Immune Reaction The body creates new antibodies for each new infection. The body creates new antibodies for each new infection. The body stores the new antibody information for future use. The body stores the new antibody information for future use.

96. The Immune Reaction The body creates new antibodies for each new infection. The body creates new antibodies for each new infection. The body stores the new antibody information for future use. The body stores the new antibody information for future use. In some cases this reaction does not work to well, as in the case of dangerous viruses---HIV, EBOLA, flesh eating bacteria, etc…. In some cases this reaction does not work to well, as in the case of dangerous viruses---HIV, EBOLA, flesh eating bacteria, etc….

97. Misc Immune System Info Antibiotics are for bacterial infections, they are not effective against viruses. Antibiotics are for bacterial infections, they are not effective against viruses.

98. Misc Immune System Info Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. HIV destroys the immune systems by killing the T-cells (immune cells) in the body-a major player in organizing the immune system attack. For this reason AIDS pts dies from common infections…cold/flu HIV destroys the immune systems by killing the T-cells (immune cells) in the body-a major player in organizing the immune system attack. For this reason AIDS pts dies from common infections…cold/flu

99. Misc Immune System Info Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. HIV destroys the immune systems by killing the bodies T-cells-a major player in organizing the bodies immune system attack. HIV destroys the immune systems by killing the bodies T-cells-a major player in organizing the bodies immune system attack. An Allergy is an over reaction of your immune system to a harmless antigen (allergen— pollen, dust, foods). You can die from a simple overreaction— anaphylaxis=complete system shut down. An Allergy is an over reaction of your immune system to a harmless antigen (allergen— pollen, dust, foods). You can die from a simple overreaction— anaphylaxis=complete system shut down.