1. ISPS
1. Introduction

2. ISPS - Introduction Purpose and evaluation Course Overview
Competencies to be achieved
History
Current security threats and patterns
Ship and port operations and conditions

3. I. Introduction – Purpose & Evaluation
International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code
SOLAS (adopted 12/Dec./2002)
Part A – Part B
Purpose of ISPS-Code?

4. I. Introduction – Purpose & Evaluation
Build International Framework (Governments – Shipping & Port Industries)
detect security threats
preventive measures
Security incidents

5. I. Introduction – Purpose & Evaluation
Establish roles & responsibilities
Governments
Ship & port Industries
National & international lvl
Ensure maritime security

6. I. Introduction – Purpose & Evaluation
Early & efficient
Collection
Exchange
Security related information

7. I. Introduction – Purpose & Evaluation
Provide methodology for security assessments
Plans
Procedures
React to changing security lvls

8. I. Introduction – Purpose & Evaluation
Ensure confidence
Adequate
Proportionate
Security measures in place

9. I. Introduction – Purpose & Evaluation
Training objectives:
To enable trainees to undertake the role and duties of SSO
To prepare trainees to understand Security and Risk Assessment
To prepare trainees to understand the threat to the industry

10. I. Introduction – Purpose & Evaluation
Training objectives:
To prepare trainees to understand the ship security plan and conduct a SSA
To acquaint trainees with port security measures
To outline to trainees relevant legislations

11. ISPS - Introduction Course Overview Purpose and evaluation
Competencies to be achieved
History
Current security threats and patterns
Ship and port operations and conditions

12. II. Course Overview Introduction Maritime security policy
Competencies to be achieved
History
Current security threads and patterns
Ship and port operations and conditions
Maritime security policy
International conventions, codes and recommendations
Relevant government legislation and regulations
Definitions
Legal implications of action or non-action by SSO
Handling sensitive security-related information and communications

13. II. Course Overview Security Responsibilities Contracting governments
Recognised Security Organisations
The Company
The Ship
The port facility
SSO
CSO
PFSO
Vessel personnel with specific security duties
Facility personnel with specific security duties

14. II. Course Overview Ship Security Assessment Security Equipment
Risk assessment methodology
Assessment tools
On-scene security surveys
Security assessment documentation
Security Equipment
Security equipment and systems
Operational limitations of security equipment and systems
Testing, calibrating and maintenance of security equipment and systems

15. II. Course Overview Ship Security Plan
Purpose of SSP
Contents of SSP
Confidentiality issues
Implementation of SSP
Maintenance and modification of SSP
Threat identification, recognition and response
Recognition and detection of weapons, dangerous substances and devices
Methods of physical searches and non-intrusive inspections
Implementing and coordinating searches
Recognition, on a non-discriminatory basis, of persons posing potential security risks
Techniques used to circumvent security measures
Crowd management and control techniques

16. II. Course Overview Ship security actions
Actions required by different security levels
Maintaining security of ship/port interface
Usage of Declaration of Security
Implementation of security procedures
Emergency preparedness, Drills and exercises
Contingency planning
Security drills and exercises
Assessment of security drills and exercises

17. II. Course Overview Security administration Security training
Documentation and records
Reporting security breaches
Monitoring and control
Security audits and inspections
Reporting nonconformities
Security training
Security requirements

18. ISPS - Introduction Competencies to be achieved Purpose and evaluation
Course Overview
Competencies to be achieved
History
Current security threats and patterns
Ship and port operations and conditions

19. III. Competencies to be achieved
No Fighting!
Identify
Deter
Mitigate (verlichten – atténuer)
Planning
Preparation
coordination

20. III. Competencies to be achieved
security administration;
relevant international conventions, codes and recommendations;
relevant Government legislation and regulations;
responsibilities and functions of other security organizations;
methodology of ship security assessment;
methods of ship security surveys and inspections;
ship and port operations and conditions;
ship and port facility security measures;
emergency preparedness and response and contingency planning;
instruction techniques for security training and education, including security measures and procedures;
handling sensitive security related information and security related communications;
knowledge of current security threats and patterns;

21. III. Competencies to be achieved
recognition and detection of weapons, dangerous substances and devices;
recognition, on a non discriminatory basis, of characteristics and behavioural patterns of persons who are likely to threaten security;
techniques used to circumvent security measures;
security equipment and systems and their operational limitations;
methods of conducting audits, inspection, control and monitoring;
methods of physical searches and non-intrusive inspections;
security drills and exercises, including drills and exercises with port facilities; and
assessment of security drills and exercises.
the layout of the ship;
the ship security plan and related procedures (including scenario-based training on how to respond);

22. III. Competencies to be achieved
crowd management and control techniques;
operations of security equipment and systems and
testing, calibration and whilst at sea maintenance of security equipment and systems.

23. ISPS - Introduction History Purpose and evaluation Course Overview
Competencies to be achieved
History
Current security threats and patterns
Ship and port operations and conditions

24. IV. History

25. IV. History
Terrorism—defined here as the systematic use of murder, injury, and destruction, or the threat of such acts, aimed at achieving political ends is not new.

26. IV. History
Terrorism is not brutal, unthinking violence
Experts agree that there is almost always a strategy behind terrorist actions. Whether it takes the form of bombings, shootings, hijackings, or assassinations, terrorism is neither random, spontaneous, nor blind;
it is a deliberate use of violence against civilians for political or religious ends.

27. 4 key-elements of terrorism
IV. History
4 key-elements of terrorism
It is premeditated—planned in advance, rather than an impulsive act of rage.
It is political—not criminal, like the violence that groups such as the mafia use to get money, but designed to change the existing political order.
It is aimed at civilians—not at military targets or combat-ready troops.
It is carried out by subnational groups—not by the army of a country.

28. IV. History 44 BC: The murder on Julius Ceasar
1st century AC: The « Sicarii » (latin for dagger) used violance to oppose the Roman control of Judea
11th Century - Afghanistan: The Hashashins (etymology: assassin) – Members of an Islamite sect (Nizaris) had the duty to kill hostile leaders
1773: The Boston tea party. Colonist, dressed as Indians, dumped tea in the port of Boston to protest against the British tax policy (beginning of the fighting between Britain & the Colonies)
1881: Tsar Alexander II is killed by the “Narodnaja Volja” (will of the people)

29. IV. History
Leon Czolgosz, anarchist, killed the American president William McKinley.
The year was …………. 1901

30. IV. History
1914: WWI is triggered by the assassination of Franz-Ferdinand, archduke of Austria by a radical Serbian Nationalist
1963: Klu-Klux-clan reacts violant to the civil right movement in Birmingham (Alabama)
1972: Deadly Olympic games – Munich (Members of a Palestinian Terrorist organisation kill 2 Israeli athletes and take 9 others hostage)

31. IV. History
1983: Suicide attack by the Hezbollah on the American embassy in Beirut
1995: Timoty McVeigh blows up the federal government building in Oklahoma City with ammonium-nitrate (fertiliser)
1995: Apocalypse in the subway of Tokyo. The Aum Shinrikyo sect releases Sarin gas in the subway killing 12 people and making several thousand sick. They believed that the end of the world was nearby

32. History Full Of Terror

33. IV. History
History goes on ………….

34. IV. History
2004

35. IV. History
The 11 March 2004 Madrid train bombings (also known as 11/3, 3/11, M-11 and 11-M) were a series of coordinated terrorist bombings against the commuter train system of madrid, Spain on the morning of 11 March 2004, which killed 191 people and wounded 1,460.

36. IV. History
Iraqi terrorist decapitate the South-Korean hostage when his country refuses to withdraw her troops from Iraq
16/11/04 Iraqi terrorist murder the British- Irish -Iraqi charity worker Margaret Hassan

37. IV. History
2005

38. IV. History
2005

39. History goes on – London 21/7/05
IV. History
History goes on – London 21/7/05
On Thursday 7 July 2005 a series of four bomb attacks struck London’s public transport system during the morning rush hour. At 8:50 a.m. three bombs exploded within 50 seconds of each other on three London underground trains. A fourth bomb exploded on a bus at 9:47 a.m. in Tavistock Square. Fifty-six people were killed in the attacks, with 700 injured. The incident was the deadliest single act of terrorism in the U.K. since the 1988 bombing of Pan Am flight 103 (which killed 270), and the deadliest bombing in London since the WWII.

41. IV. History
London – 21/07/05

42. IV. History Where will it stop……….. ?
Next animated film for children promotes suicide bombings
This film was aired on the Iranian television October 28, 2005

43. IV. History Definition Security: The quality or state of being secure
Being secure = Free from fear or distrust
Translations:
Dutch = veiligheid(sgevoel)
French = Sécurité (sentiment de -)

44. IV. History Humans are thick-headed:
International legislation only changes AFTER major catastrophes
Examples
TITANIC => SOLAS (1914)
SEVERAL ACCIDENTS 76 & 77 => MARPOL Protocol 1978
TEXACO CARIBBEAN => TSS systems
ESTONIA => ISM on board of Ro-Ro’s
EXXON VALDEZ => OPA90 & MARPOL 13F&G
ERIKA => Accelerated phasing out of single hull tankers
AND SO ON !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

45. The Achille Lauro was to Security As The The Titanic was to Safety
IV. History

47. Achille Lauro IV. History Security Breached 1985 7th October
Time: 1330 hours
4 Terrorists from Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) hijack the Achille Lauro
Achille Lauro
The Achille Lauro incident is an ideal example of what can happen when there are no security measures in place.
It is important for delegates to understand that the PLA had planned the operation, with the intention of sailing with AL to Ashdod where they would, from the vessel murder Israelis sun bathing on the holiday beach.
The PLF recce had shown that there was little or no security.
Tickets: Paid for with cash. (No records)
Screening: Stolen Passports (Norwegian)
IDs not checked against passport
Baggage not searched
Free access to entire ship
The PLF had remained in their cabin, denying access to cabin stewards.A cabin steward used his pass key at 1330 on 7 Oct to enter the PLF cabin and found the terrorists cleaning weapons. That was when the PLF plan changed to hijack the vessel.
GOOD SECURITY WOULD HAVE STOPPED THEM AT THE RECCE!

48. IV. History
In 1985, Palestinian militants (PLF) under the command of Abbu Abbas hijacked the Italian cruise ship Achille Lauro. Before the siege ended, an elderly wheelchair-bound American Jew, Leon Klinghoffer, had been murdered and dumped into the sea.
Abbas always claimed it was all a mistake, a military mission that went wrong. "There was no plan to hijack the ship or hurt the people aboard."

49. Victim: US citizen Klinghoffer
IV. History
Victim: US citizen Klinghoffer

50. This statement makes a bridge between political goals & violance
IV. History
Abbas Quote:
This statement makes a bridge between political goals & violance

51. IV. History Pre 11 September 2001:
Passenger ship, cruise or ferry, seen as target of attack or hijack
Ships were also seen as an instrument to;
Ships used to carry equipment or personnel
Ship used in trade to help finance terrorist activities (piracy)

53. IV. History Post 11 Septembre 2001:
Ship itself seen as possible weapon, or as possibly arriving in port carrying a weapon of mass destruction capable of destroying the port and any adjacent population centre

54. IV. History The new threat:
The use of an aircraft / ship as a weapon of mass destruction.
Suicide Attack
Use of Chemical, Biological, “Dirty Bomb” or Nuclear weapons
Environmental Terrorism
Cyber Terror
State Sponsored Terrorism

55. IV. History LNG-Terminal Boston:
Scenario by Mr. Fay, mechanical engineer
Loaded 900 ft LNG carrier alongside
Terrorist attack by means of a small boat (35ft) loaded with 2 tons ammonium-nitrate, exploding against the hull (à la Limburg)
In contact with the warm water the LNG would vaporize => explosive mixture
An explosion would wipe out 9 square mile of the city of Boston
Scenario is heavily criticised

56. IV. History 1983 – Assembly Resolution A.545 (13)
Measures to prevent acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships
1985 – Achille Lauro
1985 – 2001 Individual Initiatives by USA, Canada, IMO & UK
WTC – 11 september 2001
ISPS code and SOLAS Amendments 2002

57. AMENDMENTS TO SOLAS Chapter V and Chapter XI Now XI-I and XI-2
IV. History
AMENDMENTS TO SOLAS Chapter V and Chapter XI Now XI-I and XI-2
Time Line.
Feb 2002 Admiral Pluta (US Coastguard) chaired IMO committee in London.
Throughout year several drafts.
Financed by USA
From 21proposals 19 accepted. (Crew ID-Criminal record & Owners names not accepted).
Adopted 12 Dec 2002

58. ISPS CODE AND SOLAS AMENDMENTS 2002:
IV. History
ISPS CODE AND SOLAS AMENDMENTS 2002:
CHAPTER V
Accelerated implementation of AIS
CHAPTER XI - 1
Ship’s Identification Number
Continuous Synopsis Record
CHAPTER XI - 2
International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code
Part A - Mandatory
Part B - Recommendatory

59. ISPS - Introduction Current security threats and patterns
Purpose and evaluation
Course Overview
Competencies to be achieved
History
Current security threats and patterns
Ship and port operations and conditions

60. V. Current security threats and patterns
2006 Terrorist attacks
2006: Qassam rockets fired by Hamas into Israel, especially the cities of Ashkelon and Sderot, injures "many" citizens.
Suicide attacks in Iraq in 2006.
February 22: Al Askari Mosque bombing ignites sectarian strife in Iraq.
March 2: Bombing in Karachi, Pakistan kills four, including a U.S. diplomat. [35]
March 3: Mohammed Reza Taheri-azar, an Iranian-born graduate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, drives an SUV onto a crowded part of campus, injuring nine.
March 7: Bombings in the Hindu holy city of Varanasi, India kill 28 and injures more than 100.
March 30: Palestinian suicide bomber kills himself and four others at Kedumim Junction in the West Bank [36][37]
April 11: A suicide bomber explodes himself in Karachi, Pakistan, and kills 57 Sunni worshippers. [38]
April 17: Sami Hammad, a Palestinian suicide bomber, detonates an explosive device in Tel Aviv, Israel, killing eleven people and injuring 70.
April 24: Bombings at three locations in Dahab, Egypt kill 20 Egyptians, 3 foreigners, and injure 62 others.
May 11: Six policemen die and 12 are injured when five bombs go off in a police academy in Quetta, Pakistan [39]
June 15 : The LTTE detonate a claymore mine by a bus carrying 140 civilians in Sri Lanka. 68 civilians, including 10 children and 3 pregnant women, are killed. Approximately 60 civilians are injured.
The 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings
June 25: Eliyahu Asheri, an Israeli citizen, was kidnapped and murdered by the Palestinian terrorist group, the Popular Resistance Committees (PRC).
July 9: 40 Sunni civilians are massacred by Shia militants in Baghdad, Iraq.
July 11: A series of explosions rock commuter trains in Mumbai, India, killing at least 200. Approximately 700 civilians are injured.

61. V. Current security threats and patterns
July 14: Suicide bomber in Karachi, Pakistan kills a Shiite Islamic cleric Allama Hasan Turabi and his nephew.
July 17: Explosions and gunmen kill 48 people in a market in Mahmoudiya, Iraq. [40]
July 18: Car bombing near a Shiite shrine in Kufa, Iraq kills 53 and injures 103. [41]
July 31: Two suitcase bombs are discovered in trains near the German towns of Dortmund and Koblenz, undetonated due to an assembly error. Video footage from Cologne train station, where the bombs were put on the trains, led to the arrest of two Lebanese students in Germany, Youssef al-Hajdib and Jihad Hamad, and subsequently of three suspected co-conspirators in Lebanon[16] . On 1 September 2006, Jörg Ziercke, head of the Bundeskriminalamt (Federal Police), reports that the suspects saw the controversial Muhammad cartoons as an "assault by the West on Islam" and the "initial spark" for the attack, originally planned to coincide with the 2006 Football World Cup in Germany.[17][18]
August 4: A suicide car bomber struck a market in Kandahar, Afghanistan killing 21 people.
August 10: A major anti-terrorist operation disrupts an alleged bomb plot targeting multiple airplanes bound for the United States flying through Heathrow Airport, near London, UK.
August 13: Two grenades explode on a trolleybus in Tiraspol, Moldova, killing two people and injuring ten. [42]
August 16: A bomb exploded in a Hindu temple near Imphal, India, killing three and injuring more than 30. [43]
August 20: Gunmen spray bullets on Shiites in Baghdad, killing 20 people and wounding more than 300. [44]
September 8: At least 2 bomb blasts target a Muslim cemetery in the western town of Malegaon. The blasts kill 37 people and leave 125 others wounded.
September 12: Four attackers armed with grenades and machine guns attempt to storm the U.S. embassy in Damascus, Syria. Three of the gunmen and one Syrian guard are killed during a battle between the attackers and Syrian security forces. One Syrian employee of the embassy and at least 10 bystanders are wounded, among them, 7 Syrian telephone company workers and a senior Chinese diplomat. Police recover a car laden with explosives and other IEDs. Syrian Ambassador to the United States Imad Moustapha announces that his government suspects a group called Jund al-Sham is responsible. [19]
September 15: Four suicide bombers and a security guard are killed in early-morning attacks on the Safer refinery in Marib and the al-Dhabba terminal in Hadramout, Yemen. Although no group has claimed responsibility Islamic extremists are suspected. See the September 15th Yemen attacks page.

62. V. Current security threats and patterns
September 16: 2006 Hat Yai bombings: 4 people killed, 82 injured, by six bombs along the main commercial street of Hat Yai. The devices were placed approximately 500 meters apart, and were remotely set off every five minutes.[45]
September 18: 11 people, including the presidents brother and 6 attackers, are killed in an assassination attempt on the Somalian president. [46] See 2006 Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed assassination attempt.
September 30: A suicide bomber detonates his explosives outside the interior ministry in Kabul. The attack kills 12 and wounds over 40.
October 16: A truck bomb targets a military bus convoy travelling in Northern Sri Lanka. The attack leaves 99, mainly sailors, dead and over 100 wounded. The Tamil Tigers are blamed.[48]
November 1: The Real IRA detonates a series of firebombs in a large hardware retailers and a sports store in Belfast, both buildings are completely destroyed. No fatalities.

63. V. Current security threats and patterns

64. V. Current security threats and patterns

65. V. Current security threats and patterns

66. V. Current security threats and patterns
Recently reported incidents
at 0515 LT at Dar es Salaam anchorage, Tanzania. Robbers boarded a chemical tanker via anchor chain. They stole ship's stores and escaped. Master’s attempt to contact port control was futile.
at 1400 LT  off Ticala, San Pablo, Samboanga del Sur, southern Mindanoa, Philippines. Armed pirates attacked a group of fishing vessels engaged in  fishing. Four fishermen were killed in the shootout.  
at 0400 LT in posn: 10:28.7N - 064:08.5W, Navimca, Cumana, Venezuela. Robbers boarded a yacht at anchor and stole two outboard engines

67. V. Current security threats and patterns

68. ISPS - Introduction Ship and port operations and conditions
Purpose and evaluation
Course Overview
Competencies to be achieved
History
Current security threats and patterns
Ship and port operations and conditions

69. VI. Ship and port operations and conditions
Interchange
Total transport
Security risks every point

70. VI. Ship and port operations and conditions
Security risks, total chain management and information