1. Royal Sovereignty from Edward to Richard II Part II: Edward II to the mid-Tudors Overview-L.M.A. to E.M. England Edward II Not His Father’s Son Piers Gaveston Disaster at Bannockburn Thomas, Earl of Lancaster The King’s Fall & Deposition Edward III Not His Father’s Son; Warrior King Tensions, Crisis in France “The Hundred Years War” English Expanse & Contraction Richard II Royal Minority; Noble Factions The King’s Fall & Deposition Warwick Castle, Site of Gaveston’s Prison

2. Part II (post-Midterm) The 14 th Century Crown-Commonwealth Conflict English Religion, Life, & Death The 15 th Century Age of Transition; Books & Burnings International Relations Wars in France; Wars in England The 16 th Century Henry Tudor’s Dynasty Henry VIII: Man & Monarch The Early English Reformation Reformations of Edward VI & Mary King Henry VIII

3. Edward II (1284-1327): r. 1307-27 Not His Father’s Son Edward I – Warrior King Ed II – Weak, Apolitical Mind Piers Gaveston (d. 1312) Royal Favorite; Arrogant Hated by the Nobility (upstart) Ordinances of 1311 End at Warwick Castle Disaster at Bannockburn June 23-4, 1314 Robert the Bruce Keys: Pikes, Pits; Marsh, River Monument of Robert the Bruce, Bannockburn

4. Edward II Thomas, Earl of Lancaster Erstwhile Rival of Gaveston Massive Tracts in the North Wide Influence; Noble Leader 1317 – Moderate Opposition 1321 – Allies vs. Hugh Despenser 1322 – Royal Authority Crushes Noble Insurgents; Earl Beheaded The King’s Fall & Deposition Abuse of the Nobility; Taxation Roger Mortimer & Q. Isabella 1326-7 – Capture, Deposition Location of Sovereignty Royal Person or Community Despenser’s End, 1326

5. Edward III (1312-77): r. 1327-77 Not His Father’s Son Regency, Mortimer’s End, 1330 Warrior King; Aristocratic Values Political Savvy; Understood Limits Widely Popular Throughout England Tensions, Crisis in France English Possession of Gascony French Royal Succession, 1328 Philip IV; Louis X; Philip V; Charles IV Ed.: G-Son of Philip IV, via Isabella Salic Law vs. Woman Rule/Bloodline 1337-8 – French Attempt on Gascony Edward III’s Retaliation/Claim to Throne Edward III, National Portrait Gallery

6. “The Hundred Years War” English Expanse & Contraction Early Alliances Failed, ’38-9 Battle of Sluys, June, 1340 English Naval Victory English Activity in South, North The Battle of Crécy, August, ‘46 English Outnumbered Longbowmen Crucial Addition of Calais, 1347 The Battle of Poitiers, Sept., ‘56 Edward, “Black Prince” Rapid Decline, 1360s-90s Transitory Nature of English France Battle of Crécy; Note the Longbowmen

7. Richard II (1367-1400): r. 1377-99 Royal Minority Uncle, John of Gaunt; Favorites Continued French War; Taxation Noble Faction Gaunt & Son, Henry of Bolingbroke “Lords Appellant” in 1387/8 Vs. King and Favorites The King’s Fall & Deposition 1390s – Moderate Relations Increasingly Strong Richard II 1399 – Seizure of Gaunt’s Land Bolingbroke Rallies Wide Support Parliament Deposes Another King Richard II’s Death Great Hall, Kenilworth Castle; John of Gaunt Greatly Expanded the Castle’s Halls, Towers, and Other Structures