1. Aim: What affect did England’s Civil Wars have on its political and social affairs? Do Now (reviewing last night’s homework – please take it out): I need a few volunteers. Identify the causes of the English Civil War – as you work together. Write an analysis examining the changes that came in the aftermath of the Civil War. Evaluate: assess whether these reforms were positive or negative – were the changes good or bad?

2. Based on objective I, give a very brief oral presentation (thorough analysis – examine how & why) defending one of the following statements: – Charles I was within his rights when he entered the House of Commons to arrest radical leaders. – Parliament’s cause in the civil war was just. – Charles I was guilty of arrogance, not treason, and he should not have been executed.

3. Continuing with yesterday’s Aim & title. Aim: What changes occurred in the aftermath of the English Civil War? Title: Constitutional Monarchy in England Do Now: 1. Examining Hobbes vs. Locke 2. Please take out last night’s homework

4. After fighting a brutal civil war to rid themselves of the monarchy, why do you think Parliament invited Charles II back to rule England? First and foremost, the failures of Republican/Commonwealth governance. Cromwell’s rule had brought confusion and resentment and the people wanted to seek refuge in the familiarity of a monarchy.

5. OBJECTIVE 1: Religion & politics in 17 th Century England Can religion and politics mingle/mixed in an equal manner where all citizens are fairly treated & represented without any inclination of prejudice/bias? – Throughout the post civil war, explain how religious attitudes affected the rule of Charles II and James II; compare and contrast the two. How did these attitudes affect their relationship with Parliament?

6. In order to properly answer this question and all related ones, students MUST remember that religion & politics have played a major in the development of England & the U.S., hence, the reason the Founding Fathers stressed the “separation of church & state” when creating the U.S. Constitution (1787-1789). All of the conflicts concerning religion are taking place at the tale-end of the Protestant Reformation, which started with M. Luther in early 1500s.

7. Parliament = lawmakers of England = Real power in England were made of various Protestant, predominantly Puritans, who hated and mistrusted Catholics. All other Stuart Kings, outside of James I were staunch Catholics – End results? Well, ingredients for constant civil wars between English monarchs vs. Parliament – Religion & politics in England was like mixing vinegar & oil or lighting fire under a powder keg [bomb]… think about that for a moment.

8. Led to suspicion, conflict with Parliament, opposition to the kings’ policies.

9. OBJECTIVE 3 Review the definition of “constitutional monarchy.” What are the characteristics? Explain how and why England became a constitutional monarchy.

10. King or queen occupies the throne, but his or her powers are limited by the constitution. After centuries of conflict between royalty and Parliament, the English people (vox populi = voice of the people; government for and by populous/people=Democratic Republic/commonwealth) wanted to avoid the possibility of any more tyrannical absolute rulers; however, they also wished to maintain the tradition of a monarchy – needed stability. Like Queen Elizabeth II today, English monarchs slowly but surely became “figure heads” – there for a “public show” – wink, wink!!! Who held “REAL” power in England – Parliament did: House of Lords & House of Commons.

11. CLOSE Based on last night’s homework and your overall analysis, why does this period in English history seems particularly significant to the development of the U.S. government?

12. Consider ideas concerning separation of powers, liberty, equality, democracy, popular sovereignty, human rights, constitutionalism, and nationalism - all of these and much more arose from the English Revolution. Quietly Please: Take the next 7-10 minutes to actively read the handout