1. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org S T A R T E R Civil Constitution of the Clergy Tennis Court Oath Vendee rebellion Attack on Tuilleries Palace Declaration of Pillnitz Execution of Louis XVI Flight to Varennes Storming of The Bastille

2. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org S T A R T E R 1790 Civil Constitution of the Clergy 1789 Tennis Court Oath 1793 Vendee rebellion 1792 Attack on Tuilleries Palace 1791 Declaration of Pillnitz 1793 Execution of Louis XVI 1791 Flight to Varennes 1789 Storming of The Bastille

3. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org S T A R T E R 1790 Civil Constitution of the Clergy 1789 Tennis Court Oath 1793 Vendee rebellion 1792 Attack on Tuilleries Palace 1791 Declaration of Pillnitz 1793 Execution of Louis XVI 1791 Flight to Varennes 1789 Storming of The Bastille

4. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org S T A R T E R Plan this exam question: Explain the structure of the government of Terror. (12 marks)

5. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Generic Mark Scheme 12 Marks L1: Answers will contain either some descriptive material which is only loosely linked to the focus of the question or some explicit comment with little, if any, appropriate support. Answers are likely to be generalised and assertive. The response will be limited in development and skills of written communication will be weak. 0-2 L2: Answers will demonstrate some knowledge and understanding of the demands of the question. They will either be almost entirely descriptive with few explicit links to the question or they will provide some explanations backed by evidence that is limited in range and/or depth. Answers will be coherent but weakly expressed and/or poorly structured. 3-6 L3: Answers will demonstrate good understanding of the demands of the question providing relevant explanations backed by appropriately selected information, although this may not be full or comprehensive. Answers will, for the most part, be clearly expressed and show some organisation in the presentation of material. 7-9 L4: Answers will be well-focused, identifying a range of specific explanations, backed by precise evidence and demonstrating good understanding of the connections and links between events/issues. Answers will, for the most part, be well-written and organised. 10-12

6. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Generic Mark Scheme 12 Marks L3: Answers will demonstrate good understanding of the demands of the question providing relevant explanations backed by appropriately selected information, although this may not be full or comprehensive. Answers will, for the most part, be clearly expressed and show some organisation in the presentation of material. 7-9 L4: Answers will be well-focused, identifying a range of specific explanations, backed by precise evidence and demonstrating good understanding of the connections and links between events/issues. Answers will, for the most part, be well-written and organised. 10-12

7. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Saturday, 18 April 2015 Why did Terror emerge as a way of governing? KI3: Radical Revolution 1793-1799.

8. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Saturday, 18 April 2015 Session Aims Events of 1789. Identify reasons why the terror began in 1793 Explain the motivations of those driving The Terror Assess the machinery of The Terror

9. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org French Revolution - Opposition to the Revolution and the Terror http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN HbMiUY8PAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yN HbMiUY8PA

10. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org The beginnings… The main the reason why the Terror began was to defend France against internal and external enemies. France was at war with most of Europe and the foreign armies had began invading France’s territory and so they had to make the Revolution as strong as possible to avoid defeat to a foreign power. They could only do this by making sure internally France was as strong as possible. So all counter- revolutionaries were to be rooted out and sent to the guillotine.

11. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Internal Enemies Anyone that spoke out against the Revolution or said any words in support of the monarchy would be killed. A particular area of concern was the Vendee. This area was pretty much engaged in a civil war against government forces as they have refused to be conscripted into the French army. It is this area at first that bore the brunt of government by terror.

12. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org External Enemies Foreign powers were now on France’s soil. It was thought that if France was free from internal enemies then they could withstand an attack from foreign powers. It was also thought that the emigres in Austria would see that France was weak and use this as a chance to bring back the Bourbon monarchy.

13. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org The Machinery of the Terror When setting up government by terror the Convention had three objectives to ensure its survival; What might its aims have been?

14. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org The Machinery of the Terror When setting up government by terror the Convention had three objectives to ensure its survival; 1.To identify, place under observation, and punish suspects 2.To make government more effective and ensure that its orders were carried out 3.To meet at least some of the demands of the sans-culottes.

15. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Committee of General Security The CGS would take responsibility of the Convention’s first objective to find and punish suspects. This was done through various different bodies; Revolutionary Tribunal, representatives on mission, Surveillance committees and the Summary execution decree.

16. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Committee of Public Safety The CPS was given the task of addressing the Convention’s second and third objective. To make government more effective and to meet some of the demands of the sans-culottes. The CPS basically set aside the power of the Convention's ministers and took their place making all the important decisions in government and ruling France

17. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Exam Question Explain why the Committee of Public Safety was created in France in April 1793. (12 marks) Visit me! I’m lonely!!

18. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org The Overthrow of the Girondins The Jacobins had asked the Girondins to stop attacking the Parisian sans-culottes but to no avail. So Robespierre told the sans-culottes to rise up against the corrupt Girondins. On 2 nd June 80,000 National Guardsmen surrounded the Assembly and a maximum price was imposed on all essential goods. To avoid seizure of power, the Convention was compelled to agree to the arrest of 29 Girondin deputies and two ministers.

19. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org The New Committee of Public Safety After the 2 nd June most deputies feared and distrusted the Jacobins because of the way that they dealt with the Girondins. But they did not want to see the Republic overthrown. So they were reluctant accomplices to the Jacobins. When a new CPS was formed in July and September 1793 the 12 members were either Jacobins or deputies of the Plain who had joined them. The new committee was to be the first strong government since the Revolution began. Arrest warrant of Danton

20. AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org AS History Matters www.pastmatters.org Maximilian Robespierre He joined the CPS in July 1793 and he was expected to provide link between the middle-class Jacobins and the sans-culottes. He was known as the ‘incorruptible’ as he did not seek power for himself and he put his country above all other considerations.