1. ENGINE OILS

2. Engine Principles and Layout
APR1 52

3. Engine Principles and Layout
Turbochargers
Increases the
Airflow into the
Cylinder
Turbos Can Often
Spin around
100,000 rpm
Extremely Severe
Environment for
Lubrication
APR1 54

4. Engine Principles and Layout
Pistons and Rings
Lightweight Materials
for Improved Effn.
Ring Location
Directly Related to
Exhaust Emissions

5. Cooled EGR Impact on Lubricant
Increased Corrosion
Cooled EGR leads to condensation and formation of higher acid levels
Increased Soot
Increased levels of soot due to EGR
Increased Engine Temperatures
Engine coolant also used for EGR cooler
Corrosion of EGR Valve

6. CHALLENGES FOR ENGINE OIL
DIESEL ENGINE : A CHEMICAL REACTOR
ON PISTON RING - CYLINDER
OIL TEMP C
HIGH PRESSURE
HIGH SHEAR
OXIDATION RATE
FOR 100C RATE IS DOUBLED
FOR 600C RATE IS 26 TIMES (64)
FOR 1000C RATE IS 210 TIMES (1024)

7. CHALLENGES FOR ENGINE OIL
OIL SUMP
TEMPERATURE C
MIXES WITH REACTION PRODUCTS
BLOW BY GASES
FUEL DILUTION
WATER
DUST

8. CHALLENGES FOR ENGINE OIL
ADVERSE ENGINE ENVIRONMENT RESULTS IN
WEAR
CORROSION
DEPOSITS
OXIDATION

9. FUNCTIONS OF ENGINE OILS
PERMIT EASIER STARTING
LUBRICATE AND PREVENT WEAR
REDUCE FRICTION
PROTECT AGAINST RUST AND CORROSION
KEEP ENGINE INTERIORS CLEAN
COOL ENGINE PARTS
SEAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
BE NON-FOAMING
AID FUEL ECONOMY

10. EASY STARTING AND LUBRICATION AT HIGHER TEMP
OIL PROPERTY REQUIRED
LOW OIL VISCOSITY DURING STARTING
RETAINTION OF VISCOSITY AT HIGH TEMP
VISCOSITY MODEFIERS REDUCE THE RATE OF VISCOSITY CHANGE WITH TEMP
POLYMERS EXPAND WITH TEMPERATURE TO COUNTERACT OIL THINNING

11. Temp-Viscosity

12. TYPICAL VISC VS TEMP RELATIONSHIP

13. Multigrade Engine Oils
Summer Grades Are Defined by Viscosity at 100°C Only
KV 100°C (cSt)
SAE
SAE
SAE
SAE

14. Multigrade Engine Oils
Winter Grades Are Defined by Viscosities at 100°C and Low Temperature
Max CCS
Viscosity (cP)
3250 at -30°C
3500 at -25°C
3500 at -20°C
3500 at -15°C
4500 at -10°C
6000 at -5°C
Max. MRV
TP-1 Viscosity (cP)
60,000 at -40
60,000 at -35
60,000 at -30
60,000 at -25
60,000 at -20
60,000 at -15
Min. KV
100°C (cSt)
3.8
4.1
5.6
9.3
Grade 0W 5W
10W
15W
20W
25W
CCS = Cold Cranking Simulator
MRV = Mini Rotary Viscometer

15. Viscosity / Temperature Relationship
Too Thick when cold
Thick
SAE 40
SAE 10W40
SAE 10W
Increasing
Viscosity
Too Thin when hot 0o
Thin C
150o C
Winter starting temperature
Engine operating temperature

17. Multigrade Oil Properties
Seasonal Oil Changes Eliminated
Easier Starting Plus Good Wear Performance
Pumpability Assurance in Cold Climates
Reduced Oil Consumption
Reduced Fuel Consumption
Better Bearing Lubrication
Equivalent Engine Cleanliness
Advantages

18. Mechanism of Viscosity Modifier in Oil
Effective Volume:Hydrodynamic Volume
=Volume (Polymer Molecule) + Volume (Associated Oil)
SOLUBILITY
POOR GOOD
TEMPERATURE
POOR GOOD

21. Metals to Protect Protection Against Rust & Corrosion
Iron - Main Metal Used to Forge Engine and Auxiliary Equipment
Copper - Present in Bearings and Seals
Lead - Present in Bearings
Aluminum - Used in Newer Cars and Trucks to Make Them Lighter for Better Fuel Economy
7-3-97
CHEM7 48

22. TO KEEP ENGINE CLEAN
DETERGENTS ARE USED IN THE FORMULATION TO KEEP ENGINE CLEAN AND FREE OF DEPOSITS
TYPICALLY METLLO ORGANIC COMPOUND ARE USED
METAL PART IS NORMALLY Ca, Mg, Na
ORGANIC PARTS ARE PHENATES, SULPHONATES
HOB TYPES ARE MORE COMMON
FUNCTIONS ON CHEMICAL REACTION WITH SLUDGE, VARNISH ETC TO NEUTRALISE THEM

23. TO PREVENT OIL THICKENING
CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF SLUDGE, SOOT, CARBON, PRODUCTS OF OXIDATION ETC ARE GENERATED IN THE ENGINE.
ENGINE OIL CLEANS THESE FROM DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE ENGINE
ALL THESE INCREASES SOOT AND SLUDGE LOADING IN THE OIL CONSIDERABLY
THESE HAVE A NATURAL TENDENCY TO AGGLOMERATE AND FORM BIGGER LUMPS WHICH ULTIMATELY CLOGS FILTERS AND ALSO DROPS OUT OF THE OIL AT DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE ENGINE

24. TO PREVENT OIL THICKENING
PURPOSE OF DISPERSANTS IS TO KEEP INSOLUBLE CONTAMINANTS IN DISPERSED STATE IN THE OIL
MAINLY SUCCINIMIDES, SUCCINATE ESTERS, PHENOLIC AMINES ARE USED TO ACHIEVE THIS.
FUNCTIONS BY BONDING WITH CONTAMINANTS BY POLAR ATTRACTION THEREBY PREVENTING AGGLOMERATION. LONG CHAIN IS THE SOLUBLE PART WHICH KEEPS THEM IN SOLUTION

25. Mechanism of Dispersant Function
Soot Agglomeration and Wear
Good Dispersant Coverage, Particles Do Not Agglomerate
“Patchy” Dispersant Coverage, Particles Agglomerate - “Bare Spots” Touch
Soot
Soot
Soot
Soot
CHEM3 77

26. TO REDUCE FRICTION PURPOSE IS TO ALTER COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION
TYPICALLY ORGANIC FATTY ACIDS, AMIDES, HIGH MOL WT ORGANIC ACID ESTERS ARE USED.
WORKS ON PREFERENTIAL ADSORPTION OF SURFACE ACTIVE MATERIALS

27. TO DEPRESS POUR POINT Purpose :
Enable lubricant to flow at low temperature
Typical compounds :
Alkylated naphthalene and phenolic polymers, polymethacrylates.
Functions :
Modify wax crystal formation to reduce interlocking.

28. TO REDUCE FOAM Purpose :
Prevent lubricant from forming a persistent foam
Typical compounds :
Silicone polymers, organic copolymers
Functions :
Reduces surface tension to speed collapse of foam

29. TO RATARD OXIDATION Purpose : Retard oxidative decomposition
Typical compounds :
Zinc dithiophosphates, hindered phenols, aromatic amines, sulfurized phenols
Functions :
Decompose peroxides and terminate free radical reactions

30. DIESEL ENGINE OILS

31. DIESEL ENGINE OILS PERFORMANCE LEVELS
API U.S. MILITARY B.I.S/OTHERS
CA MIL-L-2104A -
CB MIL-L-2104A(suppl 1) -
CC MIL-L-2104B E-DL 1
CD MIL-L-45199B E-DL 2
CD+ MIL-L-2104C E-DL 3
CD II MIL-L-2104D/E - CE CF
CF-4 MIL-L-2104E E-DL4
CF-2 MIL-L-2104F -
CF E-DL5
CG-4/CH-4 MIL-PRF-2104G E-DL6
CI E-DL7

33. PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTES
API CF-4
1990 DIESEL ENGINE SERVICE TYPICAL OF HIGH SPEED 4 STROKE ENGINES.
PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR ON HIGHWAY HEAVY DUTY TRUCKS
ENGINE TESTS REQUIRED
CRC L-38 : CORROSIVE WEAR PARTICULARLY IN BEARINGS
NTC 400 : DEPOSITS, OIL CONSUMPTION
CATERPILLAR 1K : PISTON CLEANLINESS
MACK T-6 : PISTON CLEANLINESS, OIL CONSUMPTION
MACK T-7 : OIL THICKENING DUE TO SOOT

34. PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTES
API CG-4
1994 DIESEL ENGINE SERVICE TYPICAL OF HIGH SPEED 4 STROKE ENGINES.
APPLICABLE FOR BOTH ON HIGHWAY AND OFF HIGHWAY HEAVY DUTY TRUCKS (BOTH FOR 0.5 % AND 0.05 % S FUEL)
PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR ENGINES MEETING 1994 EMISSION NORMS
ENGINE TESTS REQUIRED
CRC L-38 : CORROSIVE WEAR PARTICULARLY IN BEARINGS
SEQUENCE IIIE : OIL OXIDATION, WEAR
CATERPILLAR 1N : PISTON CLEANLINESS
GM 6.2 l : ROLLER FOLLOWER WEAR
MACK T-8 : OIL THICKENING DUE TO SOOT

35. OTHER BENCH TESTS REQUIREMENTS FOR CG-4
CORROSION BENCH TEST : EFFECT ON COPPER, LEAD, TIN
FOAM TEST : FAMING TENDENCY / STABILITY
AERATION : AERATION PROPERTY
NOAK : VOLATILITY TEST
EXTENDED VOLATILITY
SHEAR TEST : ABILITY TO WITHSTAND SHEAR THINNING
REQUIREMENTS FOR CF-4

36. MAJOR DRIVING FORCES LOW OIL CONSUMPTION LONG DRAIN PERIOD LONGER
API CD -MILCY 30, 40, 50, HYL EXTRA -HYLUBE X-3 10W, 30, 40 API CF+ HP CHAMPION API CF-4 MILCY TOOFAN, HYL LL 15W 40 MB MILCY POWER, MILCY TURBO API CG-4 MB HP MILCY EUROL API CH-4 HP DIESELINO API CI-4 HP No1
LOW OIL
CONSUMPTION
LONG DRAIN
PERIOD
LONGER
ENGINE
DURABILITY

37. HYLUBE HDX MULTIGRADE 20W-40
PERFORMANCE BENEFITS :
Excellent engine protection under high temperature operation
Good engine start up under cold conditions
Better all-round performance
APPLICATION AREAS
All four stroke diesel engines for round the year operation
SPECIFICATION
API CC/SC, MIL-L-2104B &
E-DL1/E-PL1 of IS:
PACKAGES
1 It, 3 It & 5 It , 20 It & 210 ltr

38. HP LAAL GHODA 20W-40 PERFORMANCE BENEFITS :
ALL ROUND PERFORMANCE AT LOW COST
ENGINE CLEANLINESS
EFFICIENT LUBRICATION
APPLICATION AREAS
Diesel engines of buses, trucks, taxis, tractors, pumpsets, DGs
SPECIFICATION
API CC/SC, MIL-L-2104B &
E-DL1/E-PL1 of IS:
PACKAGES
1 It, 3 It & 5 It , 20 It & 210 ltr

39. HYLUBE X-3 10W, 30, 40 PERFORMANCE BENEFITS:
Maintain excellent engine cleanliness
Provides sufficient control on sludge & corrosive wear
Possess excellent oxidation stability
APPLICATION AREAS
Super charged diesel engines service typical in earthmoving and construction equipment, X-3 10W can be used as an hydraulic fluid in Caterpillar transmissions
SPECIFICATION
API CD & MIL-L-45199B &
E-DL2 of IS:
PACKAGES
5 It ,20 It & 210 ltr

40. MILCY 30, 40 APPLICATION AREAS
PERFORMANCE BENEFITS :
Extended TBN Quality reserves
Prevents oil thickening and enhances oil life
Posses absolute control of corrosive wear.
Excellent thermal & oxidation stability
Superior diesel engine Protection for prolonged engine life
Enhanced drain period
Outstanding engine cleanliness
APPLICATION AREAS
Diesel engine oil for both naturally aspirated & supercharged engines.
SPECIFICATION
API CD & MIL-L-2104C+Mack T-7, & EDL-3 of IS:

41. HP MILCY POWER PERFORMANCE BENEFITS: Superior engine deposit control
Minimises ring sticking & liner wear.
Extended TBN quality reserves.
Reduce oil consumption & better fuel economy
Prolonged engine life.
Suitable for wide temperatures range.
Minimum insoluble build up
Excellent soot & sludge control
APPLICATION AREAS
For turbo-charged and super-charged heavy duty diesel engines fitted in both on and off highway services. Recommended for DG sets and Earthmoving equipment's as well.
SPECIFICATION
CARRIES API CF-4 DONUT. ALSO MEETS MIL-L 2104E, MB 228.1, CCMC D-4/G-4/PD-2 & E-DL3 of IS:

42. HP MILCY EUROL 15W 40 SPECIAL FEATURES
Premium quality diesel engine oil. Especially suitable for latest engines meeting BS II (Euro II) emission norms.
SPECIFICATIONS
API CG-4/SJ, ACEA A3-98,B3-98,E3-96,
MB 228.3, 229.1, Volvo VDS-2
MAN 271, Mack EO-L
APPLICATION AREAS
New generation diesel engines of both heavy commercial and light duty applications particularly those meeting BS II emission norms.
PERFORMANCE BENEFITS
Excellent Control on high temperature deposits.
Exceptional thermal and oxidative stability.
Ensures compliance of emission standards

43. Improvement : New Category
Mack T-8/T-8E
Soot Thickening
Mack T-9/T-10EGR
Ring & Liner Wear
Cummins M11/M11EGR
Valve Train Wear
Caterpillar 1P/1R
Piston Deposit, Sludge
Sequence IIIE/IIIF
Oil Oxidation

44. HP DIESELINO 15W 40
SPECIAL FEATURES
Premium Quality Diesel Engine Oil meeting highest level of performance and carrying API CH-4 accredition.This oil promises Engine Durability even under adverse applications.
SPECIFICATIONS
Meets API CH-4/CG-4, VOLVO VDS 2, MB requirements
APPLICATION AREAS
New Generation Diesel Engines of Trucks ,Buses, Cars Construction Equipment & DG sets requiring API CH-4/CG-4/Volvo VDS -2 oils
PERFORMANCE BENEFITS
Excellent Soot handling properties.
Good control over soot induced Wear
Higher Levels of Piston Cleanliness
High Temperature Stability
Protection against oxidative & insoluble thickening

47. PETROL ENGINE OILS

50. PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTES
API SF
1980 THRU GASOLINE ENGINE SERVICE TYPICAL OF PASSENGER CARS.
IMPROVED OXIDATION STABILITY, ANTI WEAR
ENGINE TESTS REQUIRED
CRC L-38 : CORROSIVE WEAR PARTICULARLY IN BEARINGS
SEQUENCE IID : RUST
SEQUENCE IIID : OIL OXIDATION / WEAR
SEQUENCE VD : DISPERANCY / WEAR

51. PERFORMANCE ATTRIBUTES
API SG
1989 GASOLINE ENGINE SERVICE TYPICAL OF PASSENGER CARS, VANS & LIGHT TRUCKS
IMPROVED DEPOSIT CONTROL, RUST PROTECTION, OIL OXIDATION CONTROL
ENGINE TESTS REQUIRED
CRC L-38 : CORROSIVE WEAR PARTICULARLY IN BEARINGS
SEQUENCE IID : RUST
SEQUENCE IIIE : OIL OXIDATION / WEAR
SEQUENCE VE : DISPERANCY / WEAR
CAT 1H2 : PISTON DEPOSIT

52. OEMs REQUIREMENTS 20W-40 API SF,API SG MARUTI UDYOG API SF HM PAL
API SH
MARUTI UDYOG HM
PAL
DCM DAEWOO
FORD ESCORT
OPEL ASTRA
FIAT-UNO
PAL-PEUGEOT

53. HP EXTRA SUPER MOTOR OIL 20W-40
PERFORMANCE BENEFITS:
Outstanding engine cleanliness
Excellent oxidation stability
Improved wear protection
Extended engine life
Improved fuel economy
All the year round protection
Compatible with catalytic converter
APPLICATION AREAS
Engine oil for all passenger cars
SPECIFICATION
API SF/CC, MIL-L-46152B & E-PL2/E-DL1 of IS:
PACKAGES
500 ml, 3 It & 5 It

54. HP CRUISE 15W-40 SPECIAL FEATURES
A premium quality multigrade engine oil which provides outstanding performance in all petrol engine passenger cars
SPECIFICATIONS
API SG/CD, MIL-L-46152D & E-PL3/E-DL2 of
APPLICATION AREAS
Engine oil for all passenger cars
PERFORMANCE BENEFITS
Outstanding engine cleanliness & enhanced engine life
Excellent lubrication over a wide temperature range
Improved fuel economy
Compatible with catalytic converter
Noise Free Operation

55. New Tests Sequence IIIF Oil Oxidation, In block Cam & Lifter Wear
80 hr test against 64 hr in earlier category
Used Oil Visc MRV TP
Sequence IVA
Over Head Cam, Slider Follower Wear
New test
Sequence VG
Sludge & Filter Chocking, Piston Skirt Varnish
216 hr test
4.6 lt engine replacing earlier 2.2 lt
Sequence VIII
Cu, Pb Bearing Corrosion
Replaces old L-38 test

56. New Tests Noack Volatility with Stricter limits
Filterability / Water Tolerance
EOFT
EOWTT
Foam
Stricter High temp Foam limits
Gelation Index

57. HP ACE API SL ACEA A3/B3 SAE 10W-40 Long Drain, 15 000 km
Reduced Emission, BS III
Fuel Efficient
Tried & Approved
HP ACE

58. Thank You