1. CHARACTERISTICS OF MATTER A Science Lesson for 6 th Grade

2. Mass vs. Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume. The amount of matter found in an object is called its Mass. Weight is a measure of the force of gravity acting on a mass. How are Mass and Weight different? How are Mass and Weight different? http://life.csu.edu.au/~lbenton/images/scales.gif Have you ever wondered what your weight would be on another planet? Text C10

3. Volume & Density The volume of an object is the amount of space it takes up.volume Test your knowledge of volume. Test your knowledge of volume. Density refers to the amount of matter packed into a given space. Density http://www.indofinechemical.com/images/beaker.jpg Text C11-C15

4. Solids - Liquids - Gasses In a solid, chemical forces hold the particles in place. A solid keeps it shape.solid In a liquid, particles can slip and slide past each other. A liquid has no definite shape.liquid In a gas, particles spread out to fill their container. Gasses have no definite shape or volume.gas Check out States of Matter in Action!Check out States of Matter in Action! http://www2.yarden.ac.il/bloss/scicamp/guides/liat/liat.htm Text C19-C21

5. Change of State Energy is always involved in a change of state. When heat is added to a liquid, particles escape into the air as vapor in a process called evaporation. evaporation If enough heat is removed from a gas, it will change to a liquid in a process called condensation. If enough heat is them removed from the liquid, it will change to a solid in a process called freezing. Test your knowledge! Text C25-C28 http://www2.kapoleims.k12.hi.us/campuslife/teams/02- 03/g7/defaultfiles/ScienceWeb/physical_science.htm

6. Parts of an Atom An atom is the smallest particle of an element that has the chemical properties of the element. Protons (+) are particles that have a positive charge. They are found in the nucleus. Electrons (-) are particles with a negative charge that orbit the nucleus. A neutron (O) has no electrical charge. It also is found in the nucleus of an atom. Most of atom’s mass is found in it’s protons and neutrons. Text C35 http://www.clarkpud.apogee.net/kids/ animgif/atom.gif

7. Elements Elements have been classified on a chart called the Periodic Table of Elements.Periodic Table of Elements Russian Chemist Dmitri Medeleev published the first table on elements in 1869. When writing about elements, scientists use a kind of shorthand in which each element has its own chemical symbol. Examples: Iron=FE, Gold =Au. http://www.chemsoc.org/timeline/graphic/1869_ptable.jpg Text C36-C37

8. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures An element is a substance that cannot be broken down by simple means into any other substance. It contains only one kind of atom. Copper and gold are elements. A compound is a substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined. They cannot be physically separated. Water and sugar are compounds. A mixture is made up of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means. Air is a mixture.mixture http://www.edhelper.com/clipart/matter1.jpg Text C34

9. Solutions and Alloys A mixture in which the different particles of matter are spread evenly throughout is called a solution. When sugar mixes with water to form sugar water, this is an example of a solution.solution A solution has two main parts. The solvent is the material that is present in the greater amount. The solute is the material present in the smaller amount. An alloy is a solution of two or more metals with properties of its own. An alloy is made by melting two or more metals and mixing them together. Bronze, Stainless Steel, and Brass are alloys.alloy http:// www.arrochem.com/webgraphics/ purpbeaker.jpg Text C57, C59

10. Physical and Chemical Changes A physical change is a change in the size, shape, or state of a material. No new matter is formed during a physical change. Examples of physical changes are melting snow or sharpening a pencil.physical change A chemical change is a change in matter that results in new substances with new properties. Rusting Iron and rotting food are examples of chemical changes.chemical change Take a quiz on Physical and chemical changes.quiz Text C68-C69 http://www.pressdemocrat.com/temp/snowphot os/melting.jpg http://graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs448c-00-fall/rust.jpg