1. Skeletal Myology
From
Student Research

2. Gluteus Maximus

3. Gluteus Maximus Number-two
Origin-posterior aspect of dorsal ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line
Insertions-primarily in fascia lata at the illiotibial band, also in the gluteal tuberosity on posterior femoral side
Action-major extension of hip joint, assists in laterally rotating the thigh
Innervation-inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Other facts- largest of the gluteal muscle, allows people to walk upright

4. Gluteus Medius

5. Gluteus Medius Number-two Origin-dorsal ilium inferior to iliac crest
Insertion-lateral and superior surfaces of greater trochanter
Action-major abductor of thigh
Innervation- superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Other facts- as you walk the gluteus medius muscles supports full upper body weight and every one pound of extra body weight adds two pounds to the workload, also stabilizes the hips

6. Gluteus Minimus

7. Gluteus Minimus Number-two
Origin-dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines
Insertion-anterior surface of greater trochanter
Innervation-superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Action-abduction of the hip
Other facts- smallest gluteal muscle

8. Subscapularis

9. Origin: Entire anterior surface of the subscapularis fossa.
Insertion: the lesser tuberosity of humerus and capsule of shoulder joint.
Action: rotates the head of the humerus medially(internal rotation); when the arm is raised, it draws the humerus forward and downward.
Innervation: Subscapular nerve (C5,C6)

11. Origin- superolateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs at the side of chest
Insertion- Vertebral border of scapula
Innervation – Long Thoracic Nerve (C5,C6,C7)

12. Gastrocnemis
Origin: just superior to articular surfaces of the lateral and medial condyles of the femur.
Insertion: posterior calcaneus via the Achilles Tendon
Action: plantar flexes the foot, and it also flexes the knee.
Innervation: tibial nerve (S1 - S2)

13. Soleus Origin: posterior superior fibula and tibia
Insertion: Posterior calcaneous via Achilles Tendon
Action: plantar flexion.
Innervation:tibial nerve, (L5-S2)
Soleus

14. Triceps Brachii

15. Origin Long Head- From infraglenoid tuberosity of the scapula
Lateral Head- From posterior and lateral surface of the Humerus
Medial Head- From lower posterior surface of the Humerus
Insertion: Upper posterior surface of the olecranon and the deep forearm fascia
Action: extension of the forearm, stabilize shoulders
Innervation: radial nerve

16. Levator Scapulae

17. Origin: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1- C4
Insertion: Upper part of the medial border of scapula
Action: Raises medial border of scapula
Innervation: Anterior primary rami of C3 and C4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

18. Coracobrachialis Origin: Coracoid process of scapula.
Insertion: Mid-medial surface of humerus.
Action: Flexes and adducts arm at shoulders.
Innervation: musculoskeletal nerve and partly by the radial nerve.

19. Deltoid
Origin: anterior surface of lateral clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula.
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: flexes & medially rotation, abduction
Innervation: Axillary nerve

20. Biceps Brachii

21. Biceps Brachii

22. Biceps Brachii Origin: supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Insertion: Radial tuberosity and aponeurosis of forearm
Action: flexes elbow
Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

23. Brachialis

24. Origin: anterior, distal half of the humerus Insertion: Coroniod process and tuberosity of ulna. Function: Flexes forearm at the elbow. Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

25. Internal Abdominal Oblique
Origin: anterior iliac crest, lateral half of inguinal ligament, and thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: costal cartilages of ribs 8-12: abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
Innervation: lower intercostal nerves, as well as the iliohypogastric nerve and the ilioinguinal nerve
Action: flexes, rotates and laterally flexes torso at lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebral levels, compresses abdomen

26. External Abdominal Oblique
Origin: external surfaces of ribs 5-12
Insertion: anterior iliac crest and abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
Actions: flexes vertebral column (draws thorax downward), rotates vertebral column (torso), laterally flexes vertebral column (torso), compress abdomen.
Innervation: The external oblique muscle is innervated by ventral branches of the lower 6 intercostal (thoracoabdominal) nerves and the subcostal nerve on each side.

27. Rhomboideus Major Origin: Spinous process of T2-T5 vertebrae.
Insertion: Medial border of scapula inferior to spine of scapula.
Actions: Retracts and elevates the medial border of scapula while it downwardly rotates the lateral angle.
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C5).

28. External Anal Sphincter
Origin: perineal body or central tendinous point of the perineum
Insertion: encircles the anal canal; superficial fibers attach to coccyx.
Action: constricts the anal canal
Innervation: inferior rectal nerves (from the pudendal nerve)

29. Rectus Femoris Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine
Insertion: Tibial Tuberosity via patellar tendon, patella and patellar ligament.
Action: Extends leg at knee, flexes thigh at hip
Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2-L3)

30. Biceps Femoris Origin: Ischial Tuberosity
Insertion: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia.
Action: : Extends femur, flexes knee, laterally rotates leg if knee is flexed
Innervation: Tibial part of sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)

31. Biceps Femoris

32. Buccinator

33. Buccinator Origin: Alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible Insertion: Orbicularis Oris Function: Compresses cheek into the teeth for chewing. Innervation: Deep buccal branches of the facial nerve (C.N. VII)

34. Zygomaticus

35. Zygomaticus Origin: Anterior surface of zygomatic bone Insertion: Fascia and fibers of orbicularis oris at angle of mouth Function: Elevates and draws angle of mouth laterally Innervation: zygomatic and buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)

36. Adductor Longus Origin: Insertion: middle third of the linea aspera.
Function: adduct and laterally rotate the femur.
Innervation: obturator nerve ( )

37. Adductor Magnus and Longus

38. Adductor Magnus Origin:
Insertion: Adductor tubercle on the medial condyle of the femur and linea aspera
Action: Medial rotator when the leg is rotated outwards and flexed, extends the hip joint
Innervation: posterior division of the obturator nerve ( ) and tibial nerve.

40. Pronator Teres

41. Pronator Teres Origin: Medial Epicondyle (Common Flexor Tendon)
and Coronoid Process of Ulna
Insertion: Middle of the lateral surface of the shaft of
the radius.
Function– Pronation and flexion of the forearm
Innervation: Median Nerve

42. Pronator Quadratus

43. Pronator Quadratus Origin: Medial, anterior surface of the Ulna
Insertion: Lateral, anterior surface of the Radius
Function:
Innervation: Median Nerve (Anterior interosseous Nerve)

44. Hamstrings Muscle Group
There are 2 groups of Hamstring Muscles (3 muscles in each leg)
They are located on the posterior thigh.
Semitendinosus:
Origin: upper in quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Upper medial shaft of tibia below gracilis
Function/Action: Flexes and medially rotates knee. Extends hip
Nerve Supply: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve.
Semimembranosus:
Origin: upper outer quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial condyle of tibia below articular margin, fascia over popliteus and oblique popliteal ligament
Nerve Supply: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1)

45. Biceps Femoris
Origin: Long head; upper inner quadrant of posterior surface of ischial tuberosity. Short head; middle third of linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge of femur. Insertion: Styloid process of head of fibula. Lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle. Action: Flexes and laterally rotates knee. Long head extends hip. Nerve Supply: Long head; tibial portion of sciatic nerve. Short head; common peroneal portion of sciatic nerve (both L5, S1)

47. Quadriceps Muscle Group
2 groups of Quadricep Muscles ( 4 muscles in each leg)
They cover the front and sides of the thigh.
Rectus Femoris:
Origin: Straight head; anterior inferior iliac spine. Reflected head; ilium above acetabulum.
Insertion: Quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia.
Function/Action: Extends leg at knee. Flexes thigh at hip.
Nerve Supply: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4)
Vastus Lateralis (Externus):
Origin: Upper intertrochanteric line, base of greater trochanter, lateral linea aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge and lateral intermuscular septum.
Insertion: Lateral quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia.
Function/Action: Extends knee.

48. Quadriceps continued... Vastus Intermedius:
Origin: Anterior and lateral shaft of femur.
Insertion: Quadriceps tendon to patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia.
Function/Action: Extends knee
Nerve Supply: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3,4)
Vastus Medialis (Internus):
Origin: Lower intertrochanteric line, spiral line, medial linea aspera and medial intermuscular septum.
Insertion: Medial quadriceps tendon to patella and directly into medial patella, via ligamentum patellae into tubercle of tibia.
Function/Action: Extends knee, Stabilizes patella.
Nerve Supply: Posterior division of femoral nerve (L3, 4)

49. Quadriceps Muscles

50. Orbicularis Oculi ORIGIN - medial orbital margin and lacrimal sac
INSERTION - Lateral palpebral raphe
ACTION - Closes eyelids, aids drainage of tears
NERVE - Temporal and zygomatic branches of facial
nerve ( CN VII)

51. Orbicularis Oculi

52. Orbicularis Oris
ORIGIN - Near midline on anterior surface of maxilla
and mandible
INSERTION - Mucous membrane of margin of lips and
raphe with buccinator at modiolus
ACTION - Narrows orifice of mouth, purses lips and
puckers lip edges
NERVE -

53. Orbicularis Oris

54. 2 1 UNIQUE INFORMATION # ORBICULARIS OCULI
-Facial paralysis affects the orbicularis oculi muscle.
-The inability to close the eye causes it to dry out, resulting in pain or blindness. 2
ORBICULARIS ORIS
-In common language, the orbicularis oris is often referred to as "the kissing muscle." 1

55. Frontalis
* There is only 1 Frontalis muscle in the human body. * The Frontalis is located across the top of the Frontal Bone. * The Frontalis are joined together above the root of the nose and to the top of The Frontal Bone.

56. Frontalis Continued... Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
* Function: Facial expressions such as lifting skin of forehead and eyebrows.

57. Occipitalis There is only one Occipitalis muscle in the human body.
The Occipitalis is located
Along the back of the head
Across the Occipital Bone.
The Occipitalis is joined
Together by tendinous fiber
Running from the Occipital
Bone.

58. Occipitalis continued...
Function: Moving the scalp posterior
Innervation: Facial Nerve (CN VII)

59. Peroneus Longus (Fibularis Longus)
How Many: 2
Origin: Upper two thirds of lateral shaft of fibula
Insertion: Tarsal and metatarsal bones
Action: Plantar flexion and eversion of foot; also supports arch
Innervation: Superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

60. Peroneus Tertius (Fibularis Tertius)
How Many: 2
Origin: Anterior surface of fibula
Insertion: Dorsal surface of the base of the 5th metatarsal
Action: Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
Innervation: Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)

61. Tibialis Anterior and Posterior

62. Information...
Origin: Anterior - upper half of lateral shaft of tibia and interosseous membrane. Posterior – Upper half of posterior shaft of tibia and upper half of fibula between medial nerve crest and interosseous border, and interosseous membrane.
Insertion: Anterior – Inferomedial aspect of medical cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal. Posterior – Tuberosity of navicular bone and all tarsal bones (except talus) and spring ligament.
Action: Anterior – Extends and inverts foot at ankle & holds up medial longitudinal arch of foot. Posterior – Plantar flexes and inverts foot & supports medial longitudinal arch of foot.

63. Nerve supply
Anterior: Peroneal, L4, L5, S1
Posterior: Tibial: L5, S1

66. Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: Spinous process of vertebrae T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs and inferior angle of scapula
Insertion : Floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus.
Action: to abduct or extend and internally rotate the arm.
Nerve supply: Thoracodorsal nerve.
‘The Swimmer’s Muscle’

67. Trapezious
Origin: external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial superior nuchal line, spinous process of vertebrae C7-T12.)
Insertion: Posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula.
Action: rotation, retraction , elevation and depression of scapula.
Nerve supply: Accessory nerve (CN XI), cervical spinal nerves C3 & C4

73. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Origin: distal lateral supracondylar ridge
Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal
Action: extends and abducts hand at wrist
Nerve supply: Radial nerve, C6, C7

74. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: base 3rd metacarpal (dorsal surface)
Action: extends and abducts the wrist
Nerve supply: C6, C7

75. The Gracilis Muscle Location: Groin Function: Responsible for hip
abduction and assists knee flection

76. Sartorius Origin: anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Function:
Innervation:

81. Temporalis

82. Temporalis
Origin: Temporal fossa between inferior temporal line (of the parietal bone) and infratemporal crest.
Insertion: Coronoid process of the mandible and anterior ramus of the mandible.
Action: Elevates mandible (closes jaw) and retracts mandible (horizontal fibers of posterior part of muscle).
Nerve Supply: Mandibular division of Trigeminal nerve
(CN V).

83. Masseter

84. Masseter Origin: superficial portion - zygomatic bone,
deep - zygomatic arch.
Insertion: ramus of the mandible
Action: elevation of mandible (chew food)
Nerve Supply: masseteric nerve of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)