1. By Stephanie Ellegood Graves Central Elementary

2. Enslaved Africans: People from ____________ who were forced to give up their ______________ and spend their lives obeying and working for their “______________” (masters) dilemmas: Situations in which a person is forced to make a __________, even though there is no _________ choice to make (ex: enslaved Africans had to choose between __________ on the voyage to America or working as a slave for _______) Middle Passage: The ____________ (“passage”) of slave traders and enslaved Africans across the _______________________ from _______ to the ________________.

3. o The West African region is along the __________ of Africa above the _____________. To the north of it is the _______________________. To the west and south is the ____________________. The land is mostly covered with __________________ or __________________. http://brightstarvision.org/images/MAP_OF_AFRICA.png

4. West Africans were the alike in many ways: most people _____________, but some were miners, craftspeople, or traders Trading ___________: ______ & _________ sent to countries north of the Sahara desert Trading ___________: _______, __________, and other goods http://makinghistoryrelevant.files.wordpress.com/2011/06/slavetrademap.jpg

5. society was based on _____________ families lived in the same _______________ owned _________ together and shared their __________ worshipped __________ of the ancestors and asked spirits to ___________ them they enjoyed _____________________ West Africans were different in many ways: some lived in small ______________ / some live in _________ many different ___________________ were spoken. In the 1500’s most West Africans lived in ___________________

6. In West Africa some people were not as ________ as others. Some were ________________ or ______________ who had been captured during ________, found guilty of ____________, or sold as slaves by other ________________. Many of these “slaves” in Africa were different that slaves in America. Many of them became part of the _____________ they worked for. They didn’t have as many ____________ as others in the village, but they could ______ land and ________, as well as earn ___________ and gain FREEDOM through ________ or ______________.

7. Europeans used African slaves to work on their sugar and tobacco ____________________ in the Americas. Europeans bought slaves by ________________ cloth, rum, guns, tobacco, etc… for them. The Africans that traded slaves for ________ became a ___________, so then their neighbors also traded for guns. This soon caused slave trade for guns all over West Africa

8. African’s reacted in different ways to the need for many slaves by the slave traders. A few West African _____________ to take part in the slave trade. Many of these people were _________________or sold as slaves. Some captured Africans outside of their ______________________ and sold them to slave traders. Some even kidnapped African _______________ while the parents were out __________________.

9. Some traded people who were already slaves such as _________________ of wars. These Africans didn’t want to trade slaves, but their neighbors who were trading slaves were becoming ____________ and more __________________. They feared these neighbors might try to _________________ them and sell them as slaves.

10. West Africans taken into slavery faced a long and terrible _______________. They were put in ___________ and marched _________________ of miles to the coast, and many ________ along the way. Others suffered ______________ and died when they reached the coast. Those who survived were marked with hot branding ________ and loaded onto slave ships. The voyage by ship to America was called the Middle Passage because it was the second of three stages of slave trade: Stage 1: _____________ and movement of slaves to the __________ of Africa Stage 2: _____________ to the colonies on the ____________________ (Middle Passage) Stage 3: _________________ of slaves from American ports to ___________________

11. http://images.inmagine.com/img/aspireimages/drk003/drk003995.jpg

12. http://reflectionsbyshirley.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/middle_passage.jpg

13. http://archive.fieldmuseum.org/pirates/photos/SLV4.jpg

14. The voyage from Africa to the colonies took about ________ weeks. (Middle Passage) During the Middle Passage slaves received little _______________. Men were chained together in _________ at their hands and feet. Many times there was no room to ______ up or __________. They were so close together they could barely move. The rough boards gave them __________ on their bodies. The __________ and heat were unbearable. There were lice, fleas, rats, blood, and mucus. _____________ followed the ships feeding on the dead thrown overboard. At least ________ million West Africans traveled the Middle Passage. Between 10-20% died on the voyages.

15. Enslaved Africans reacted differently on the slave ships. Some Africans tried to ______ themselves by refusing to eat or jumping overboard. Losing slaves meant losing ___________, so the ships’ captains tried to keep them alive. Slaves who refused to eat were _______________ and their jaws were ____________ open or their lips were burned with _______________. If slaves jumped overboard, the ship’s crew went after them in _________________, and they were whipped when they returned.

16. Some Africans tied to __________ against the crew. They attacked with knives or pieces of metal or wood they tore from the ship. One slave named _____________________ led a revolt on a slave ship. The slaves killed the _____________ and tool over the ship. Many Africans saved their energy to ________________, were too sick to ____________, or just chose not to resist.

17. When slaves arrived in the colonies, they were sold to plantation owners at “scrambles” or auctions. At _________________ the price was the _______ for each slave and buyers grabbed the slaves they wanted. At slave _______________ the slaves stood on an auction ___________ and slaves were sold one at a time to the highest _____________. Many African families were separated and never saw each other again

18. http://cache2.artprintimages.com/p/LRG/29/2943/CVKRD00Z/art-print/slave- auction-in-the-deep-south-c-1850.jpg

19. During the first year on plantations (also called the “_______________” period) slaves received new ___________, were shouted at in _________________ they didn’t know, and given strange ________ to use. If they didn’t understand of resisted, they were whipped, burned, or killed. Slaves worked in fields ____ hours a day planting and picking _________. They sometimes walked an ________ to and from the fields. _________ or more people lived in small cabins with _______ floors and slept on bundles of __________ with rags for blankets.

20. Slaves reacted differently to their new lives on plantations. Some slaves tried to ________________. Most that ran away were caught and punished or even killed. Some slaves resisted by “playing ________” by pretending not to understand what they were asked to do. Some slaves pretended to be too ______ or _____ to work. Some broke _________ or set buildings on ________. Some even _____________ themselves because they believed when they died they would return home to West Africa

21. Some slaves worked ________ and did what they were told to do. They wanted their masters to make them house servants or skilled workers. Some slaves worked in the “__________________ ” with the master’s family. Sometimes slaves were paid for extra work on _________________ and ________________. They hoped to earn enough money to buy their _________________. Few slaves became free that way.