2. GUSTAR Gustar always takes an indirect object pronoun. Indirect object pronouns: menos te leles

3. GUSTAR Conjugation for gustar is different from that of many of the verbs you have learned. When you are talking about one ITEM OR ACTIVITY, use gusta, the singular form of gustar. When you are talking about more than one ITEM OR ACTIVITY, use gustan, the plural form of gustar.

4. SER Ser is an irregular verb. yosoynosotros somos túeres ustedustedes élesellosson ellaellas

5. SER Ser = to be Ser is used for permanent traits. Ser is used for professions/what people do. Ser is also used to express time and the date. These concepts are NOT permanent, and yet ser is used.

6. ESTAR Estar is an irregular verb. yoestoynosotros estamos túestás ustedustedes élestáellosestán ellaellas

7. ESTAR Estar - to be Estar is used to tell location. Estar is also used to tell temporary conditions, feelings, or moods. How you feel and where you are is when you use the verb ESTAR.

8. TENER yo tengonosotrostenemos tú tienes ustedustedes él tieneellostienen ellaellas

9. TELLING TIME For the first half hour, use y + minutes for the number of minutes after the hour. Use menos + minutes for the number of minutes BEFORE the next hour begins. Use cuarto for a quarter of an hour (15 minutes) Use media for half an hour (30 minutes)

10. REGULAR VERBS To conjugate –AR verbs, remove the –AR ending and replace it with the ending for the subject. yoonosotrosamos túas ustedustedes élaellosan ellaellas

11. REGULAR VERBS To conjugate –ER and –IR verbs, remove the –ER or –IR ending and replace it with the ending for the subject. yoonosotrosemos / imos túes ustedustedes éleellosen ellaellas

12. IR IR is an irregular verb. yo voynosotros vamos tú vas ustedustedes él vaellosvan ellaellas

13. IR IR = to go Use IR to talk about where someone is going. IR is often followed by a. If the place that the person is going is masculine, the preposition a combines with el to form the contraction al. a + el = al Also use IR to talk about what someone is going to do with the construct IR + a + infinitive.

14. STEM-CHANGING VERBS These are verbs that have spelling changes in the stem that must be made when the verb is conjugated. The change takes place in the vowel that is closest to the ending. If there is more than one vowel, only the one closest to the ending changes. The spelling change takes place in all of the forms EXCEPT THE NOSOTROS FORM!!!