1. Assistant Professor Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL
CLASSROOM ACTION RESEARCH: Data Collection and Analysis in Qualitative Research Methods
Assistant Professor Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

2. Chapter 1: Introduction
1. The Statement of problem(s)
2. Studies that have addressed the problem
3. Deficiencies in the study/Need
4. The significance of the study
5. The purpose statement
6. Research questions
7. Definitions of key terms
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

3. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL
Significance and Need
A study may be significant when it contributes (a) to theory or a knowledge base, (b) results in improved methods, materials or conditions of teaching and learning, or (c) leads to improvement in the methods of conducting research.
A study needed when it addresses a significant research problem and information required to address that problem is not available from some other previously-published sources.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

4. Components of a Good Research Title
A good research title should reflect or consist of these 4 things: Method of the study (M), 2 Variables: independent and dependent (V), and Location (L).
Now take a look at the following sample research titles, and decide whether they are good titles or not!
After that, think of a good research title of your own! State 2 research questions.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

5. Decide on these sample titles if they are good titles or not????
การศึกษาวิธีการรณรงค์ให้นักเรียนเข้าร่วมกิจกรรม English Hours
รายงานการพัฒนาแบบฝึกทักษะการอ่านจับใจความสำคัญภาษาอังกฤษ  สำหรับนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 3
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

6. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL
ผลการจัดการเรียนรู้คำศัพท์ภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเกมครอสเวิร์ด ของนักเรียนชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปีที่ 1 โรงเรียนหนองหญ้าปล้องวิทยา อำเภอหนองหญ้าปล้อง จังหวัดเพชรบุรี
รายงานผลการพัฒนาแบบฝึกทักษะการอ่านภาษาอังกฤษ เรื่อง การเดาความหมายของคำศัพท์จากตัวชี้แนะในบริบท
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

7. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL
My Research Project
Title: ________________
Research questions:
_________________
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

8. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL
Chapter 2: Literature Review/Theoretical Framework/Conceptual Framework
“The review of the literature provides the background and context for the research problem. It should establish the need for the research and indicate that the writer is knowledgeable about the area” (Wiersma, 1995, p. 406)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

9. Why search of the literature?
A search of the literature is an essential part of every research project. There are two areas to be searched when you are beginning a research project:
-the literature relevant to the topic (theories, concepts, definitions, finding).
-the literature on research methodology
and data collection techniques.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

10. Reasons for searching the literature
There are at least five good reasons
1. will help you to identify work already done or in progress that is relevant to your work;
2. will prevent you from duplicating what has already been done;
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

11. Reasons for searching the literature (2)
3. will help you to avoid some of the pitfalls and errors of previous research;
4. will help you to design the methodology for your project by identifying the key issues and date collection techniques best suited to your topic
5. will enable you to find gaps in existing research, thereby giving you a unique topic.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

12. Where to start your search?
Define your topic—key words
Read widely to get an overview
Encyclopedias, handbooks and textbooks by reputable authors
Criteria: Accessibility, Currency, Accuracy, Provide overview
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

13. Activity: Identifying Issues from Research Titles
Directions: Identify the key words or issues
from the following research titles. Keep in
mind that you will use these to write the lit.
review.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

14. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL
Research Titles:
1) Analysis of Situated Language Learning Practices in an EFL Reading Class: Case Studies of College Students in Thailand
2) A Study of Chinese College English Majors’ Beliefs About Language Learning and Their Learning Strategies
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

15. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL
1) Analysis of Situated Language Learning Practices in an EFL Reading Class: Case Studies of College Students in Thailand
Possible issues to review:
Situated Language Learning Practices in Thailand
EFL Reading Theories
English Language Learning/Teaching at College Level in Thailand
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

16. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL
2) A Study of Chinese College English Majors’ Beliefs About Language Learning and Their Learning Strategies
Possible issues to review:
Beliefs about language learning
English learning strategies
Teaching-learning context in China
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

17. Identify the key words from your research title
From your proposed research title, identify the key terms.
After that, discuss it with your partners. Do you want to make any changes after the discussion with your partner??
Key words: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

18. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL
Chapter 3: Methodology
Research design
Setting
Participants/subjects
Data collection
Data analysis
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

19. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL
Chapter …
Chapter 4: Findings/Results
Chapter 5: Discussion (Implications, Conclusions, Suggestions for future research)
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

20. Characteristics of Qualitative Research Methods
It takes place in a natural setting.
It uses multiple methods (triangulation).
It is emergent, not prefigured.
It is interpretive, not only descriptive.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

21. Data Collection Procedures
Identify the purposefully selected sites or individuals.
Identify types of data to be collected.
Indicate strengths and weaknesses of each type of data.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

22. What are other ways to collect data???
interviews (what type?)
documents (artifacts)
observations (what type?)
audio and visual materials
focus group
journal
student portfolios
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

23. How do you plan to collect the data?
From your proposed research project, how do you plan to collect the data to answer the research questions? Provide the explanation why you will use each data collection method and how you will collect the data based on each method. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

24. Data Analysis and Interpretation
Step 1: Organize and prepare data
Step 2: Read through all the data
Step 3: Code the data
Step 4: Generate a description of the setting or individuals
Step 5: Propose how description and themes will be reported in narrative
Step 6: Interpret meaning of the data
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

25. Validating the Accuracy of the Findings
Triangulate different data sources
Use member-checking
Use rich, thick description
Spend prolonged time in the field
Use peer debriefing
Use an external auditor
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

26. Reporting the Findings
Diverse reporting methods
Use thick description, tables, figures, pictures, documents and audiovisual evidence
Use examples to illustrate key concepts, themes, generalizations and theories
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

27. Data Analysis Practice
Suppose one of your research questions is:
What activities do you often do
outside the classroom to improve
your English?
And you plan to use semi-structured interviews to obtain the data from your participants. Prepare with your partner 3-5 interview questions.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL

28. Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL
After you have the interview questions, now take turns interviewing your partner. Make sure you record carefully the answers from your partner. Then, follow the ways to analyze the obtained interview data: Read through all the data, Code the data, Generate a description of the setting or individuals, Propose how description and themes will be reported in narrative, Interpret meaning of the data.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pragasit SITTHITIKUL