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A Systematic Approach to Naming Chemical Compounds

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Presentation on theme: "A Systematic Approach to Naming Chemical Compounds"— Presentation transcript:

1 A Systematic Approach to Naming Chemical Compounds
Nomenclature A Systematic Approach to Naming Chemical Compounds

2 Ternary Ionic Compounds Binary and Ternary Acids
Nomenclature II Ternary Ionic Compounds Binary and Ternary Acids

3 Ternary Ionic Compounds
>2 elements cation with an anion Metal cation with polyatomic anion Metal cation with polyatomic anion Metal cation with polyatomic anion Metal cation with polyatomic anion Na2SO4 Na2SO4 Na2SO4 Na2SO4 sodium sulfate sodium sodium sulfate Polyatomic cation with monatomic anion Polyatomic cation with monatomic anion Polyatomic cation with monatomic anion Polyatomic cation with monatomic anion NH4Cl NH4Cl NH4Cl NH4Cl ammonium chloride ammonium chloride ammonium Polyatomic cation with polyatomic anion Polyatomic cation with polyatomic anion Polyatomic cation with polyatomic anion Polyatomic cation with polyatomic anion NH4NO3 NH4NO3 NH4NO3 NH4NO3 ammonium ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate

4 Some Common Polyatomic Anions
nitrate NO3- chlorate ClO3- carbonate CO32- sulfate SO42- phosphate PO43-

5 Some Common Polyatomic Anions
nitrate chlorate carbonate sulfate phosphate NO3- ClO3- CO32- SO42- PO43- nitrate chlorate carbonate sulfate phosphate NO3- ClO3- CO32- SO42- PO43-

6 Some Common Polyatomic Anions
nitrate chlorate carbonate sulfate phosphate NO3- ClO3- CO32- SO42- PO43- nitrite NO2- chlorite ClO2- sulfite SO32- phosphite PO33- Notice that renaming ‘-ate’ to ‘-ite’ simply reduces the number of oxygen atoms but not ionic charge

7 Some Common Polyatomic Anions
Some polyatomic anions can have even 1 less oxygen nitrate chlorate carbonate sulfate phosphate NO3- ClO3- CO32- SO42- PO43- nitrite NO2- chlorite ClO2- sulfite SO32- phosphite PO33- Notice that renaming ‘-ate’ to ‘-ite’ simply reduces the number of oxygen atoms but not ionic charge

8 Some Common Polyatomic Anions
Some polyatomic anions can have even 1 less oxygen nitrate chlorate carbonate sulfate phosphate NO3- ClO3- CO32- SO42- PO43- nitrite chlorite sulfite phosphite NO2- ClO2- SO32- PO33- nitrate chlorate carbonate sulfate phosphate NO3- ClO3- CO32- SO42- PO43- nitrite chlorite sulfite phosphite NO2- ClO2- SO32- PO33-

9 Some Common Polyatomic Anions
Some polyatomic anions can have even 1 more oxygen NO3- nitrite NO2- nitrate chlorate ClO3- chlorite ClO2- hypochlorite ClO- perchlorate ClO4- carbonate CO32- sulfate SO42- sulfite SO32- phosphate PO43- phosphite PO33- The halo-oxo-anions of Br and I have identical naming schemes

10 Some Common Polyatomic Anions
nitrate NO3- nitrite NO2- chlorate ClO3- chlorite ClO2- hypochlorite ClO- perchlorate ClO4- chlorate ClO3- chlorite ClO2- hypochlorite ClO- perchlorate ClO4- iodate IO3- iodite IO2- hypoiodite IO- periodate IO4- bromate BrO3- bromite BrO2- hypobromite BrO- perbromate BrO4- carbonate CO32- sulfate SO42- sulfite SO32- phosphate PO43- phosphite PO33- The halo-oxo-anions of Br and I have identical naming schemes

11 Ternary Ionic Compounds Examples
Write the chemical formula of aluminum sulfate Aluminum sulfate Al SO4 Al3+ SO42- 2(3+) (2-) = 0 ?(3+) ?(2-) = 0 ?(3+) ?(2-) = 0 Al2(SO4)3

12 Ternary Ionic Compounds Examples
Write the systematic name for Cu(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2 (?+) (-1) = 0 (2+) (-1) = 0 (?+) (-1) = 0 Cu2+ Cu?+ Cu?+ NO3- Copper is a transition element so use Stock convention for naming the metal ion: copper(II) nitrate

13 Some Common Polyatomic Anions A Few Exceptions
hydroxide OH- cyanide CN- azide N3- carbide C22- Despite being polyatomic anions, the rules of nomenclature for monoatomic ions apply.

14 Binary and Ternary Acids
A binary acid is molecular compound which dissociates into hydrogen ion and a monoatomic anion in aqueous solution. A ternary acid is molecular compound which is a combination of hydrogen ion and a polyatomic anion.

15 Binary Acids Prefix the root name of the anion with ‘hydro’
Transform the suffix of the anion from ‘-ide’ to ‘-ic’ Add the word ‘acid’ EXAMPLES HCl(g) Read the formula carefully! hydrogen chloride HCl(aq) hydrochloric acid HI(g) hydrogen iodide HI(aq) hydroiodic acid

16 Binary Acids An Exception
HCN(g) hydrogen cyanide HCN(aq) hydrocyanic acid Read the molecular name carefully Even though it is not a binary acid, the ‘-ide’ ending of the anion requires application of the binary acid rule.

17 Ternary Acids Transform the suffix of the anion from ‘-ate’ to ‘-ic’ -or- Transform the suffix of the anion from ‘-ite’ to ‘-ous’ Add the word ‘acid’ Never use the prefix ‘hydro’ for ternary acids EXAMPLES HNO3 nitric acid HNO2 nitrous acid

18 Ternary Acids The name does not include ‘acid’ until the anion’s ionic charge is completely balanced by hydrogen ion. EXAMPLE Na2SO4 sodium sulfate NaHSO4 sodium hydrogen sulfate H2SO4 sulfuric acid

19 Review of Basic Nomenclature
Binary Ionic Compounds CuCl2 copper(II) chloride barium oxide BaO Binary Molecular Compounds N2O4 dinitrogen tetraoxide sulfur hexafluoride SF6 Ternary Ionic Compounds MnSO4 manganese(II) sulfate aluminum nitrate Al(NO3)3 Acids HCl(aq) hydrochloric acid perchloric acid HClO4

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