1. Application of Developmental Stages to Parent-Child Interactions

2. Two dimensions of parenting that appear to be most important in child rearing: A large amount of love, acceptance, and warmth of the parent to the child A moderate to high level of restrictive control

3. Love, Acceptance, and Warmth n Satisfaction with the childs abilities n High involvement n High responsiveness - Positive reinforcement n Sensitivity to the childs needs n Open Communication / Feelings

4. Level of Restrictive Control n Clear standards of behavior, rules, and consequences n Rules firmly and consistently reinforced n Coercive demands rarely given in to n Mature behavior expected n Good modeling of parental behavior and how parents resolve conflicts and how parents resolve conflicts

5. This Pattern of Parenting is Associated With Children Who Display n High self-esteem and self-confidence n Emotional stability n Independence n Competence in social and academic areas n Social responsibility n Ability to control aggression Love and Limits

6. Other Parenting Styles Associated With Inappropriate Child Behaviors n Authoritarian n Indulgent or Permissive n Uninvolved or Indifferent

7. Interactions With Children Interactions With Children Taken from Hembree-Kigin, T., & McNeil, C.D. (1995). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. Plenum Press: New York, London. P P - Praise R R - Reflect I I - Imitate D D - Describe E E – Enthusiasm

8. Interactions With Adolescents Interactions With Adolescents Adapted from Hembree-Kigin, T., & McNeil, C.D. (1995). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. Plenum Press: New York, London. P P - Praise R R - Respect I I - Interest D D - Disclosure E E - Empathy

9. Set reasonable limits and consequences in advance when possible Natural and logical consequences Other consequences Follow through with consequences using respect and caring - Let child know that they made the decision Limits

10. Be direct, not indirect Positively stated Single, not compound Specific, not vague Neutral tone of voice Polite and respectful Developmental level Give a rationale Use choices Effective Commands Taken from Hembree-Kigin, T., & McNeil, C.D. (1995). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. Plenum Press: New York, London.

11. C ommunicate unqualified love and respect U nderstand the childs perception, then share ours E stablish and maintain family rituals and customs S tructure opportunities for the child to contribute

12. Spend Quality Time With Your Children and Loved Ones

13. Questions or Comments?