1. Topic: Early Rome The Great Imitation…

2. Compare The Etruscans To the Roman Republic EtruscansRome S P R I T E

3. Etruscans The Etruscans took over the Latin's in 800 B.C. Not to be confused with Latin America. To be called Later Latins by the Europeans –A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latins

4. Italian Peninsula Powers

5. Very Early Similarities to Future Rome The Etruscans took over the Latin's in 800 B.C. Rome is still 300 years away!!! –A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latin's –The king kept a Latin advisory council called the Senate

6. Etruscans Politics –A Latin-elected, Etruscan-born king ruled over the Latin's –The king kept a Latin advisory council called the Senate The Senate was made up of land owners or Patricians. The common people were known as Plebeians.

7. Etruscans The Etruscans Created the Senate The Senate was made up of land owners or Patricians.

8. Etruscan Art and Architecture

9. Etruscan Treasures see similarities to Rome?

10. Eventually… The Tarquin (Etruscan Family) Dynasty was overthrown. Rome forms its own government. But first….

11. Roman Beginnings… Rome started with the Latin Tribe on the Italian Peninsula in the Tiber River Valley around 2000 B.C.E.

12. Romes Creation Legend What does a creation myth or legend reveal about the values of its citizens?

13. The Creation Legend Romulus and Remus were twin brothers. They were abandoned by their parents as babies and put into a basket that was then placed into the River Tiber. The basket ran aground and the twins were discovered by a female wolf. The wolf nursed the babies before they were found by a shepherd. The shepherd then brought up the twins. When the twins became adults, they decided to found a city where the wolf had found them. The brothers quarreled over where the site should be and Remus was killed by his brother. This left Romulus the sole founder of the new city and he gave his name to it – Rome. The date given for the founding of Rome is 753 BC.

14. The Roman Republic: 509 BCE Republic: Citizens elect representatives to run the government.

15. The Republic Established in 509 B.C. Gives each tribe of Rome representation in the government.

16. The Republic Uses two different branches to run the government

17. The Roman Republic Senate

18. The Roman Republic SenateConsuls

19. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers Consuls

20. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members Consuls

21. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws Consuls

22. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms Consuls

23. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls Consuls

24. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls

25. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive

26. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive Two Positions

27. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive Two Positions -One year terms (to limit their power)

28. The Roman Republic Senate Law Makers 300 Members -Proposed Laws -Lifetime Terms -Nominated Consuls -Consuls appoint vacancies Consuls Chief Executive Two Positions -One year terms (to limit their power) -During war time one is chosen to act as dictator

29. But…

30. Only Patricians could be part of the government.

31. Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights

32. 509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office

33. Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights 509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office 494 B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes

34. Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights 509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office 494 B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes 451 B.C. - Twelve Tables created: Ensuring the right to protection of the law for all Roman citizens

35. Plebeian Plight for Equal Rights 509 B.C. - Republic created: Plebeians are citizens with the right to vote, but they could not hold political office 494 B.C. - Formation of the Plebeian Assembly and Tribunes 451 B.C. - Twelve Tables created: Ensuring the right to protection of the law for all Roman citizens 287 B.C. - Plebeian Assembly evolves into the Popular Assembly with near equal status to the Senate (think of house of Lords and Commons Senate House of Representatives.

36. Rome Expands…

37. North - Took over the Etruscans. They were Taught, mentored, loved and influenced more so than anyone… But they overthrew the Etruscans!!!!

38. Rome Expands… North - Took over the Etruscans South - Took over the Greeks

39. Rome Expands… By 270 B.C.E Rome ruled all of central and southern Italy

40. Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome

41. Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily

42. Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily –Carthage controlled part of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer

43. Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily –Carthage controlled part of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer –Fought by ships

44. Punic Wars Series of three wars over 100 years… Carthage versus Rome First War: 241 B.C. - Sicily –Carthage controlled part of Sicily, Rome wanted it as a buffer –Fought by ships –Rome won!

45. Hannibal

46. 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome

47. Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps

48. Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men

49. Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men Rome attacks North Africa

50. Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men Rome attacks North Africa –Hannibal returns to Africa to defend Carthage

51. Hannibal 219 B.C. - Carthaginian General Hannibal attacks Rome –Through Iberian Peninsula, through Gaul and over the Alps –Losing half of his men Rome attacks North Africa –Hannibal returns to Africa to defend Carthage –He is defeated at Zama (50 miles from Carthage) in 202 B.C.

52. Third Punic War 199 B.C. Carthage attacked a Roman ally Rome gets annoyed with Carthage and they destroy the city of Carthage Therefore Rome controls all Carthaginian land North Africa = Roman Province

53. Rome before the wars…

54. Rome after the Punic Wars…

55. Roman Map

56. Roman Empire

57. Expanding across the Mediterranean brought many changes to Rome…

58. Expansion under the Republic

59. Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece

60. Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor

61. Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt

62. Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt MEDITERRANEAN SEA

63. Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt MEDITERRANEAN SEA = MARE NOSTRUM

64. Expansion under the Republic Rome expanded to… –146 B.C. Macedonia and Greece –133 B.C. Asia Minor –100 B.C. Middle East and Egypt MEDITERRANEAN SEA = MARE NOSTRUM OUR SEA

65. End of the Republic

66. Senate became too powerful and the army was doing all the work…

67. Enter: Julius Caesar

68. Popular General

69. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul

70. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate

71. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy)

72. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate

73. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it)

74. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it) –Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans

75. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it) –Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans –Adjusted taxes

76. Enter: Julius Caesar Popular General –Fresh from the Gallic Wars in which Rome took over Gaul 44 B.C. formed the First Triumvirate (oligarchy) –Overthrew the Senate (weakened it) –Gave Roman citizenship to non-Romans –Adjusted taxes (taxed rich more than the poor)

77. Julius Caesar Became a dictator

78. Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful

79. Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful According to the Senate…

80. Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful According to the Senate… –He was too powerful!

81. Julius Caesar Became a dictator All powerful According to the Senate… –He was too powerful! Senate assassinates/murders Julius Caesar

82. Octavian & Mark Antony

83. Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators

84. Octavian & Mark Antony Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West

85. Octavian & Mark Antony Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West Octavian = Western Empire and Rome

86. Octavian & Mark Antony Restore order by eliminating certain powerful senators Decide to split the empire and rule over two different sections - East and West Octavian = Western Empire and Rome Mark Antony = Eastern Empire and Egypt

87. Mark Antony & Cleopatra

88. Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne

89. Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian

90. Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula)

91. Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula) Octavian wins

92. Mark Antony & Cleopatra Cleopatra believes that her son is the rightful heir to the Roman throne She convinces Mark Antony to attack Octavian Octavian meets Mark Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (off the southern coast of the Italian Peninsula) Octavian wins Cleopatra and Mark Antony commit suicide

93. Augustus Caesar Octavian is named emperor by the Senate

94. Augustus Caesar Octavian is named emperor by the Senate –Augustus the majestic

95. Augustus Caesar Octavian is named emperor by the Senate –Augustus the majestic The Roman Empire is born!

96. Pax Romana (Roman Peace)

97. Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) 200 years of peace

98. Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within…

99. Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes

100. Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes –Public works

101. Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes –Public works Lack of corruption

102. Augustus Created a peaceful empire (Pax Romana) Concentrated on building the empire from within… –Adjusted taxes –Public works Lack of corruption Encouraged large Roman families

103. Roman Trade

104. Decline of the Roman Empire 180 A.D. End of Marcus Aurelius reign A series of leader came after - did not lead well, were brutal Hostile tribes outside of Rome begin to threaten trade routes Raising of taxes Inflation from overproduction of less valued coinage Decreasing Population -harvests declined (less fertile land) -slave labor = no new technology -disease and starvation Barbarians invading Rome hire mercenaries to fight = lack of loyalty Political office no longer an honor = costs to lead

105. Causes of the Decline of Rome Romes economy declines.

106. Causes of the Decline of Rome Romes economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval.

107. Causes of the Decline of Rome Romes economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval. Roman politics decay.

108. Causes of the Decline of Rome Romes economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval. Roman politics decay. Bigger gap between the rich and poor.

109. Causes of the Decline of Rome Romes economy declines. Rome faces military upheaval. Roman politics decay. Bigger gap between the rich and poor. Rome splits into East and West

110. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire…

111. Economic

112. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation

113. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade

114. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military

115. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes

116. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers

117. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense

118. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political

119. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire

120. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor

121. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor Social

122. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor Social –Lack of confidence in the empire

123. Contributing Factors to the Decline of the Western Roman Empire… Economic –Inflation –Disruption of Trade Military –Threats from Northern European tribes –Decline of patriotism & loyalty among soldiers –Low funds for defense Political –Division of the empire –Political office seen as a burden, not an honor Social –Lack of confidence in the empire –Decline in interest of political affairs