1. Ancient Rome
World Studies

2. What is the Relative Location of the city of Rome?
Central Italy
On peninsula in middle of Mediterranean Sea
Upon the Tiber River- good transportation, protection

3. Origins of Rome Founded 753 BC by Romulus and Remus on Palatine Hill
Romulus kills Remus and names the city after himself
Etruscans to the N. and Greeks S.

4. Government 509 B.C. –Last King
Republic – a government of elected representatives
Patricians – landowners
Plebeians – merchants, farmers, traders.

5. Government Two consuls, elected for 1 year
Senate- 300 members chosen from Patricians (aristocracy), served for life
Centuriate/Tribal assemblies- plebians, members for life
Tribunes- elected by plebeians, protects their rights from patricians
Dictator- could be appointed in emergencies, absolute power for 6 months

6. Military Legion- unit of 5,000 265 B.C. controlled Italy
Empire expanded.
How?
Strong, disciplined army
Treated enemy well.
Collected taxes.
Respected some local customs.

7. Battle Formations

8. Battle Formations

9. Battle Formations
Tortoise

10. Punic Wars Wars with the Phoenician colony of Carthage
1st, BC for control of Sicily, W. Mediterranean
2nd, 218 BC

11. Punic Wars
Hannibal led troops across Europe and over the Alps to Italy
Roman general Scipio (Africanus) attacked Carthage, forced Hannibal to return
Defeated 202 BC.

12. Punic Wars
Third War BC, Romans lay siege to Carthage, 50,000 people sold into slavery

13. Republic to Empire
1st triumvirate- Julius Caesar- w/ Crassus and Pompey, 60 BC
Caesar conquered all of Gaul w/ troops from landless poor- loyal to Caesar, not Rome
Turned his army on Rome, Pompey fled, 1st dictator for life, 44 BC

14. Roman Empire Caesar murdered in Senate 3/15, 44 BC “Ides of March”
2nd triumvirate- Octavian, Mark Antony, Lepidus
Octavian forced Lepidus to retire

15. Roman Empire
Antony fell in love w/ Cleopatra, Ocatvian defeated them both- suicide
31 BC- Caesar Augustus

16. Pax Romana
Means “Roman Peace”
27 BC to 180 AD

17. Fall of Rome
Inflation, food shortages, end of expansion weakens empire
Diocletian- divided the empire into Greek speaking east and Latin west
Constantine reunited the empire, ended persecution of Christians, moved capital to Byzantium (Constantinople)

19. Fall of Rome Germanic invasions weakened the Empire
Attila the Hun rampaged through Roman lands
476- West fell to Vandals
Eastern half lasts until 1453, defeated by Ottoman Turks
Greco-Roman culture- mix of Greek, Roman, Hellenistic influence

20. Famous Roman stuff
Virgil- wrote the Aeneid, modeled after Homer’s work
Aqueducts- built using arches, they brought fresh water to large cities
Space between chariot wheels- train tracks
Latin becomes basis for Spanish, French, Romanian, Portuguese, Italian
Colusseum- stadium where gladiators fought