1. Ancient ROME Review

2. Geography of the Roman Empire 6 th Grade Social Studies Piedmont Middle School

3. 7 Hills The city of Rome was founded on 7 hills along the Tiber River in Italy The citizens farmed at the base of the hills and lived at the top – This made Rome easier to defend

4. 1- Tiber River Rome was located about 15 miles from the coast along the Tiber River – The city was built inland so it would be easier to defend The river provided fresh water and transportation

5. 2- Italian Peninsula Living on a peninsula was a great advantage to Rome – They had a strong navy and this helped them conquer new territories – They were able to develop trade routes across the Mediterranean Sea The peninsula had large plains that were excellent for farming – The grew beans, veggies, fruits, grapes, olives

6. 3- Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea links 3 continents: – Europe, Africa, and Asia Connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Strait of Gibraltar

7. 4- Adriatic Sea In between the Italian Peninsula and the Balkan Peninsula – Part of the Mediterranean Sea Located to the east of the Italian Peninsula

8. 6- Alps The tallest mountain range in Europe (about 13,000 feet tall) Formed by the collision of the Eurasian and African tectonic plates Protected Rome to the north

9. 7- Apennines A mountain range that runs north/south through the Italian Peninsula These mountains are not nearly as tall as the Alps (about 6,000 feet tall) Also helped to protect Rome

10. Advantages Located in an area with a mild and humid climate – Didn’t get too cold and got plenty of rain Good farmland Geographic barriers protected Rome, but did not stop trade

11. Roman Republic and Roman Empire Piedmont Middle School 6 th Grade Social Studies

12. Roman Republic Lasted from 509 BCE – 49 BCE – Almost 500 years Brainpop- The Roman Republic

13. Roman Republic The Republic had 3 branches of governments, very similar to what we have today – Senate: Noble and wealthy people – Consul: Judges and military commanders – Assembly: Common people (elected) Brainpop- The Roman Republic

14. Roman Republic The United States uses a system called “checks and balances” so that no one branch of government becomes too powerful – Legislative: Make laws – Executive: Enforce laws – Judicial: Decided if laws are fair, if someone broke a law Brainpop- The Roman Republic

15. Civil War A civil war is a war between groups of the same country – The United States lasted from 1860-1865 – The Union (North) defeated the Confederacy (South) In Rome, a civil war broke out between the people – The working class felt that they did not have as many rights as the wealthy

16. Civil War During this time, Julius Caesar became the most powerful figure in the Roman Republic The Republic began to expand, conquering areas around the Mediterranean – Julius Caesar and his armies were capturing more land for Rome

17. Roman Republic Many generals and other nobles from Rome didn’t approve of Julius Caesar They ordered Julius Caesar to come back to Rome without his army Caesar came back to Rome with his army and fought the generals and nobles in a civil war

18. Roman Republic shifts to the Roman Empire Brainpop- Rise of the Roman Empire Brainpop- Rise of the Roman Empire Caesar won the civil war and declared himself dictator (Rome was no longer a republic) – He was allied with Cleopatra from Egypt – She provided him with money and supplies

19. Roman Republic shifts to the Roman Empire Brainpop- Rise of the Roman Empire Brainpop- Rise of the Roman Empire Although Caesar was now a dictator, he was still well-liked by the people Caesar did some good things for the people while in control – Gave land to soldiers – Gave food to the poor – Granted citizenship to those who were not citizens

20. Even though most people in Rome liked Caesar, the nobles and senators did not because they lost all of their power In 44 BCE, Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the senate floor

21. The Pax Romana & The Fall of the Roman Empire Piedmont Middle School 6 th Grade Social Studies

22. Pax Romana Brainpop- The Pax Romana Brainpop- The Pax Romana Under Augustus, Rome began the Pax Romana For the next 200 years, Rome entered a stage of peace and cultural achievement – Lasted from 27 BC to 180 AD For the first time in many years, the Romans were not fighting any wars Arts and architecture flourished

24. Pax Romana During the Pax Romana, Rome became wealthy They began to export crops like grapes and olives Rome became the center of trading in the Mediterranean Sea

25. Rome is too big… The emperor of Rome, Diocletian decided that the empire had become too large and the government was not working He became emperor of the Eastern empire and appointed Maximian as emperor of the Western empire

26. Fall of the Western Empire The Western empire was invaded by Germanic tribes Eventually, most of the Western Empire was conquered by other groups – These groups are the foundations of the countries that would eventually make Europe