1. BIPOLAR WORLD
Cold War World

2. Essential Questions
Compare & contrast capitalism & communism as political systems & as economic systems.
Identify how Cold War consumerism & the Truman Doctrine in the ultimate defeat of communism.
Examine the division of Germany in terms of potential for future confrontation b/w the U.S. & the Soviets
Examine the Proxy War in Korea in terms of past and future implications.

3. Capitalism vs. Communism
U.S. Ideology
Liberalism
Property rights
Free market
Welfare State
COMMUNISM:
Khrushchev’s Reform
Relaxation of terror
Economic growth

4. Command Economy
In a Command Economy, the government  controls all factors of production. 
Examples of the Command Economy were  the Stalin’s ”5 Year Plans” and  Mao’s “The Great Leap Forward” 
The government decides what items will be made by whom, and to whom they would be sold and at what price.
The Soviet Union had a Command Economy
Factors of Production: Land – Labor – capital [entrepreneurs]

5. Global Communism U.S. Strategy: Truman Doctrine Containment
Soviet Strategies
Military parity [U.S.]
National liberations > through COMINTERN
U.S. Strategy:
Truman Doctrine
Containment

6. Truman Doctrine

7. Europe Divided EAST & WEST GERMANY > 1949 West Germany:
very prosperous > subsidized by Western nations
East Germany:
Very poor > population only 19M
Many escaped to the west
BERLIN WALL & Border fortified to prevent escape

8. Division of Germany

11. Nuclear Arms Race MAD > Mutually Assured Destruction
NATO & Warsaw Pact
Created arms race
1960s
Soviets achieve parity
1970s
Both sides acquire
MAD > Mutually Assured Destruction

13. Cold War Turns “Hot” [PROXY WAR]
KOREA:
Divided at 38th Parallel
N. Korea invaded S.
U.N. intervention
China enters war
Cease fire 1953 at th Parallel

14. YALU RIVER

15. Cold War Turns “Hot” CUBA: Castro overthrew Batista Regime 1959
Expropriated U.S. property
Killed /exiled opponents
U.S. embargo > sugar
Soviets bolster economy
Bay of Pigs > fiasco 1961
Soviets place ICBMs
Cuban Missile Crisis

16. Cuban Missile Crisis Soviet ICBMs in Cuba > 1962 Kennedy response
Naval quarantine to stop shipments
U.N. oversaw removal
Soviet response
Backed down & Capitulated
U.S. promise not to ‘overthrow’ Castro

18. Globalization of Containment
Creation of SEATO
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
Counterpart of NATO
Eisenhower’s DOMINO THEORY
Fear that if one country [S.E. Asia] fell to communism the rest would follow.
SEATO membership Date of  Admission Member nations19 Feb 1955 Australia, France, New Zealand, Pakistan¹, Philippines, Thailand, United Kingdom, United States ¹withdrew 7 Nov 1973.

19. Colonial Liberation : Philippines
Philippine independence: July 4, 1946
U.S. maintained military bases
Wielded influence in politics
Soviets identified this as U.S. imperialism

20. Terrorist activities in Philippines. . .Muslim minorities seeking autonomy.

21. Bandung Conference 1955 Asian & African discuss NON-ALIGNMENT
Countries do not align with with either superpower
Jawaharlal Nehru {India} articulated non-alignment
Bandung failed to form united front against the superpowers

22. Political Dangers of Superpower Intervention
Both used military / economic aide to influence newly emerged nations
Intrusion hindered democracy in developing nations
Support strained relationships with neighbors

24. Cold War Societies Domestic Containment Female Liberation
Black Nationalism
Cold War Consumerism
The 1950s Family
A.  Search for Security
In our last lecture, you read about the promotion of domestic containment.  Americans were told that they faced a threat to their very way of life from international communism.  Next to building a backyard bomb shelter, the best way Americans could protect themselves and the nation was to return to "traditional values."  After the trauma of the Great Depression and then World War II, most Americans did not need much convincing.  They searched for security, for a return to normalcy, for an American ideal that never existed.
B.  Religion
They searched for that security through religion.  In the 1950s, church attendance rose to over 50% for the first time, supported in part by the prevailing cold war mood since communists were supposedly avowedly atheists.  by 1957, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that 96%of the American people cited a specific affiliation when asked, "What is your religion?"  Government leaders encouraged this return to God when Congress in 1954 added the phrases "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance and in 1955 stamped "In God we trust" on all American currency.  Even President Eisenhower proclaimed that "Our government makes no sense unless it is founded on a deeply religious faith, and I don't care what it is."
Billy Graham
C.  The "Traditional" Family
Even more than the refuge of religion, the family unit was seen as providing the best security after the traumas of the 1930s and '40s and the uncertainties of the postwar era.  It would serve as the bulwark against communism in the Cold War fight at home.  But while Americans were told to embrace traditional family values, the "traditional" family of the 1950s was a qualitatively new phenomenon.  During this decade, men and women were getting married earlier, having more kids, and getting fewer divorces than families had for over the previous century.  While previous generations might keep close extended family ties, newlyweds in the 1950s were establishing single-family homes at an earlier age and faster than ever before.
Starting a family became the key to self-identity, the center to one's life.  A 1955 poll showed that less than 10% believed that an unmarried person could be happy.  What I am arguing here is that there was very little that was "traditional" of what we have come to refer to as the "traditional" families of the 1950s.  It was something new.

25. Domestic Containment & Feminism
The 1950s Family
A.  Search for Security
        
In our last lecture, you read about the promotion of domestic containment.  Americans were told that they faced a threat to their very way of life from international communism.  Next to building a backyard bomb shelter, the best way Americans could protect themselves and the nation was to return to "traditional values."  After the trauma of the Great Depression and then World War II, most Americans did not need much convincing.  They searched for security, for a return to normalcy, for an American ideal that never existed.
B.  Religion
They searched for that security through religion.  In the 1950s, church attendance rose to over 50% for the first time, supported in part by the prevailing cold war mood since communists were supposedly avowedly atheists.  by 1957, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that 96%of the American people cited a specific affiliation when asked, "What is your religion?"  Government leaders encouraged this return to God when Congress in 1954 added the phrases "under God" to the Pledge of Allegiance and in 1955 stamped "In God we trust" on all American currency.  Even President Eisenhower proclaimed that "Our government makes no sense unless it is founded on a deeply religious faith, and I don't care what it is."
                  Billy Graham
Domestic Containment & Feminism
C.  The "Traditional" Family
Even more than the refuge of religion, the family unit was seen as providing the best security after the traumas of the 1930s and '40s and the uncertainties of the postwar era.  It would serve as the bulwark against communism in the Cold War fight at home.  But while Americans were told to embrace traditional family values, the "traditional" family of the 1950s was a qualitatively new phenomenon.  During this decade, men and women were getting married earlier, having more kids, and getting fewer divorces than families had for over the previous century.  While previous generations might keep close extended family ties, newlyweds in the 1950s were establishing single-family homes at an earlier age and faster than ever before.
Starting a family became the key to self-identity, the center to one's life.  A 1955 poll showed that less than 10% believed that an unmarried person could be happy.  What I am arguing here is that there was very little that was "traditional" of what we have come to refer to as the "traditional" families of the 1950s.  It was something new.
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26. Consumerism

27. Domestic Containment Red Scare:
U.S. families as defense against infiltration
McCarthyism [Witch Hunts]
Violation of constitutional rights
Women’s dissatisfaction
Betty Freidan
Women’s Liberation
Used Marxist terms to identify female circumstances
Susan B. Anthony
Betty Freidan
Gloria Steinem

29. Black Nationalism Marley’s music & Marcus Garvey influenced
M.L.K. influenced by Gandhi
U.S.S.R. used it to expose weaknesses of U.S. capitalism
Rosa Parks sparked the revolution 1955

30. Cold War Consumerism Weakened the Soviet position
Could not match consumerism of West
Western European economic boom vs. Eastern European slow growth
Berlin > virtual contrast
Khrushchev’s visit [U.S.] humanized both sides

33. Enduring Question
Why was the U.S. ultimately successful emerging from the Cold War as the undisputed Super Power?
What evidence can we find that illustrates the fact that the Russians may be down but they certainly are not OUT?