1. PRINCIPLES OF GOVERNMENT
Government and the State

2. WHAT IS GOVERNMENT?
Government: the political and administrative institutions of a society, the institution found in every civilized society that passes, administers and enforces the laws that control the society.
Examples:

3. Sovereign State -
a body of people, occupying a defined territory, organized politically and having power to make and enforce law without consent of a higher authority.

4. At least 90% of political conflict has historically revolved around the questions of:
Who has the power/responsibility and who doesn’t?
How much government is necessary?
NBC-ANN CURRY-SOMALIA
Today that conflict continues

5. Political Philosophies
Background:
Greek thought and Roman-Classical Republicanism
, Age of Enlightenment, Humanism-Modern Liberalism

6. Origins Force theory-war Evolutionary-family
Divine Right-God made me King
(China called this?)
Social Contract-constitution
GO TO FORMS OF GOVERNMENT VIDEO
Social Contract

7. Natural Rights Theory
Man in state of nature has all rights possible.

8. Social Contract Theory
An agreement to create a state.The surrender of power to the state to promote safety.
People are source of power
People give consent to government to rule
Government provides protection of natural rights
asdf

9. A. Man in a state of nature state of war (fear)
Thomas Hobbes - English - ( ) Leviathan 1651, Political theory-issues of freedom and authority
A. Man in a state of nature
state of war (fear)

10. B. Man in a political state
power surrendered to ruler
man has no right to resist
the ruler answers to no one
if your ruler is overthrown, you give loyalty to the new ruler
A brutal , oppressive government is better than a “state of nature”

11. John Locke - English - (1632-1704) Two Treatises on Civil Government 1690
A. Man in a state of nature
man is bound by natural law
can be discovered through reason and logic
READING IN YOUR TEXTBOOK-PAGE 806.

12. B. Man in a political state (the social contract)
contract between man and their government
government created to serve its subjects
Limited government and sovereinty of the people

13. John Locke cont.
government cannot violate natural law or contract broken. Subjects no longer bound.
Right of Revolution !!

14. Jean Jacques Rousseau - French - ( ) The Social Contract 1762 considered the “Greatest Prophet of the Democratic Revolution.”
A. Man in a state of nature
man good, society corrupts
men have two instincts: self preservation and compassion
there are two types of inequality: natural and political

15. Rousseau cont.
Majority rules - no minority rights - no limited government
The general will is always best. Individuality would destroy society.
Direct or pure democracy only.
Majoritarian

16. Montesquieu (1689-1755) in 1748 wrote The Spirit of Laws
He believed in a separation of powers in the government
3 branches: legislative, executive, and judicial
He opposed the idea of power in the hands of one person.

17. THE PRINCE BY NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI
CUT TO VIDEO STREAMING
IN FAVORITES
LEADERSHIP
CREATE A GOVERNMENT ACTIVITY

18. “We hold these truths to be self evident; that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it.” Declaration of Independence

19. Characteristics of American Democracy
popular consent
popular sovereignty
majority rule
individualism
equality
personal liberty
7.________________

20. Government Types of States and Other Political Units

21. POLITICAL SYSTEMS
A society’s political system includes all the formal and informal ways the society goes about determining who will have political authority, how much they will have and how and for what purposes it will be exercised.

22. STRUCTURES OF GOVERNMENT OR GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF POWER
UNITARY
FEDERAL
CONFEDERAL OR CONFEDERATE

23. Unitary States
States where the majority of decisions are made by the central government
Saudi Arabia is a unitary state. Religion and strong government provide dual uniting forces.
Image from

24. Democratic Unitary States
Culture, tradition. Or homogeneous population bind together
Only unitary by the mandate of the people
Parliamentary democracies may be unitary

25. Highly Centralized Unitary States
Very tight State control
Totalitarian or dictatorship
Unitary by design and enforcement
Often powered by the ideal of the Nation-State
North Korean propaganda poster
Image from

26. Totalitarian-a political regime based on subordination of the individual to the state and strict control of all aspects of life by coercive means.

27. Federal States
States where decisions are split between the central government and more local divisions

28. Confederal States
Groups of smaller states try to band together to create greater unity and power
Difficult to gain agreements on representation, economics, capital

29. CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT BY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES

30. CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT BY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES

31. COMPARISON OF PRESIDENTIAL
Selection of chief executive, single executive
Fixed term of office
Separation of powers
Set time for elections
PARLIAMENTARY
Plural executive, Prime Minister and cabinet
No fixed term
No separation of powers
No set time for elections

32. http://www. parliament

33. CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT BY NUMBER WHO CAN PARTICIPATE FLASH-BLADE RUNNER
DICTATORSHIP
Can be based on an individual
Or an ideology
Authoritarian-complete obedience to an authority, concentration of political power in an authority not responsible to the people.

34. Democracy Pure or Direct Representative Majority rule Minority rights
Popular sovereignty
Response to constituents

35. Economics: The Creation and Distribution of Wealth

36. Economics: Use of scarce resources to produce goods/services, distribute them among competing groups/individuals
Land
Labor
Capital
Entrepreneurship
Knowledge

37. Capitalism Private Property Profit/Ownership Freedom of Competition
Freedom of Choice
SHOW VIDEO-THE ROAD TO PROSPERITY WITH QUESTIONS

38. Communism COMMAND ECONOMY Public Ownership
Central Planning/Controlled Economy

39. Karl Marx Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat Class Struggle 6 steps to theory:
Economic Interpretation of History
Surplus Value Theory (Labor Theory of Value)
Overthrow of the Bourgeoisie ( can be violent)
Dictatorship of the Proletariat, but with the ultimate goal of a classless society
Establishment of Communism “each work according to their ability, receive according to their needs.

40. Socialism Private & Public Ownership Some Choices are Limited
Creates Social Equality & Equality of Results

41. U.S. Government Economic Tools
Monetary Policy- management of money supply
Fiscal Policy- management of taxes and government expenditures
National Debt