1. BICYCLE TESTING SERVICES SGS GROUP
Presenter:
Revision: Sep, 2014

2. Topics in the presentation
About SGS
Market Trends in Bicycles
Product Risk Factors
Global Legislative Overview for Assembled Bicycles
Electric bikes
Battery chargers
Battery
Wireless control

3. SGS HISTORY
World’s leading inspection, verification, testing and certification company
Founded in 1878
Listed on the Swiss Stock Exchange in 1981
Member of the Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes since 2010
Current structure of ten business units initiated in 2003
A little more than 130 years ago, SGS was founded in Rouen, France, as a grain inspection company. Since that moment, we have grown through diversification and acquisition into the world’s leading inspection, verification, testing and certification company.
Throughout the early and mid 20th century, we expanded beyond our core offering in agricultural inspection to activities in minerals, oil, gas, chemicals, consumer goods and industrial services. By 1980, half of our revenue was generated from services that had not even existed in 1970, adding expertise in automotive, environmental, certification, governmental and life science services. In 1981, SGS became a publicly traded company on the Swiss Stock Exchange.
The 1990s opened up tremendous opportunity for us as trade barriers fell and new markets emerged. By the start of the new millennium, a wide-ranging corporate restructuring led to the formation of the ten businesses that are now found at SGS.
From our beginnings in 1878 as a grain inspection house, we have steadily grown into our role as the industry leader. We have done this through continual improvement and innovation and by reducing risk and improving the productivity and efficiency of our customers’ operations. Moving forward, we are well positioned for growth and will continue to look beyond customers’ and society’s expectations in order to deliver market leading services wherever they are needed. 3

4. TRUSTED FOR REAL LIFE Your challenges:
Deliver desirable, safe and sustainable products.
Ensure quality, performance and compliance with local and international requirements.
Reduce product related risk.
Eliminate defects at the early stages of production.
Manage social and environmental impacts of products throughout lifecycle.
Substantiate product claims to maintain a competitive edge.
Achieve a faster time to market, avoiding regulatory and non-compliance bottlenecks. 4

5. CONSUMER GOODS & RETAIL THE SGS LAB NETWORK
About 100 laboratories and over 16,400 employees - about 900 in Americas, 3,200 in Europe and Africa and 12,300 in Asia
January 2013

6. GLOBAL MARKET TRENDS
Customers expect safety, comfort, better control and optimal power in all conditions.
Many models with a variety of equipment, adapted to customer’s profile:
Children’s Bicycles: parents required components that adjust to fit the growth spurts.
Bicycles for adults: they require products with added-value, including specific design, high technology (suspension…), ergonomics and comfort.
Bicycle accessories sales should grow in the next years.
Demand for bicycle use across all member states in Europe, together with the USA.
Increasing demand for the rent of bicycles in the city - environmental concerns, money savings.
Increasing sales of electrical bicycles.

7. PRODUCT RISKS
A number of notifications of unsafe bicycle-related products have been issued:
Risk of injuries – defective, unsafe and inconsistent production of bicycles
Poorly written instructions for use and maintenance.
Inconsistent and poorly manufactured components having an impact on the safety of the bicycle, including pedal detachment, the purge cap can be lost on the brake lever affecting braking quality, the handle bar stem can present signs of fatigue and crack.
Chemical risk
Bicycle repair kit presented a chemical risk because the benzene content was higher than that permitted under the Chemical Restriction Directive. Benzene is classified as a Cat 1 carcinogen, the risk is posed by contact and inhalation.

8. LEGISLATION
According to the destination markets, your bicycles need to comply with standards below, which specify safety, quality and performance requirements for the design, sub-assembly tests:
LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
International standards: ISO 4210, ISO 8098
America: ANSI Z315.1, CPSC 1512 (16 CFR 1512), ASTM F 1975, ASTM F 2273
Australia: AS /NZS 1927, AS /NZS 8124
Japan: JIS D 9301, JIS D 9302, CPSA 0052
Europe
The CEN safety standards - EN 14764, EN 14766, EN 14781, EN – have been published in the EU Official Journal. Bicycles that comply with these standards are presumed to conform with the EU GPSD that “lays down an obligation on producers to place only safe products on the market”.
EN 14765: safety standard for bicycles for young children (not published yet)
Toy bicycles are covered by the Toy Safety Directive (EN 71-1)
EN (Electrically Power Assisted Cycles - EPAC)
National regulations: BS 6102, NF R30-020, DIN 79100, DIN 79105, GB 14746, GB 14747
ASSOCIATED REQUIREMENTS
In addition there are “bolt-on” requirements that are only used for the country of sale (environmental or local laws). E.g.: UK has “Pedal Cycle Regulations” that list the requirements for assembly instructions, brake set up and the need for an appropriate bell and lighting.

9. Electric bikes Generally not toys & children products
16CFR 1512 Bicycles
20mph; 750W  can be bicycles
Different rules and regulations in each state
Pedelec
Moped
Dual mode

10. Electric bikes Performance Testing– created by LEVA & SGS More details
This hyperlink connects to the other file- LEVA performance test by Michael DeVisser.

11. Electric bikes- EU Pedelec powered not only by motor
Speed/ power limit
Can be ridden on bike lane
Consumer product// CE marking
Moped// Dual mode
Any point exceeding pedelec definition
Cannot be ridden on bike lane
E-mark
Number plate
Riders shall have drive license

12. Electric bikes- Accessories
Battery chargers
UL/ SGS Mark
DOE(EPA) energy efficiency: Min. Level V (Voluntary, the higher level the better)
CEC energy efficiency- BC logo – on IM, package or package (Mandatory in California)
FCC

13. Electric bikes- Accessories
Battery
Safety for Cell
Safety for Pack- brand owner may ask to have UL/SGS Mark
UN 38.3
Or 49 CFR Part 171.7
Transportation safety–esp. Air freight.
Requested by courier company- Fedex, DHL, UPS
Approval document shall be provided upon request
Safety warning shall be provided on outer package

14. Electric bikes- Accessories
Battery
Public law: Mercury-Containing Battery Management Act
Storage temperature: labeled on product
Battery Recycle

15. Electric bikes- Accessories
Wireless control
Can be utilized on Display/ Motor/ Battery
Popular techniques:
Must have FCC ID Number on case, or
CONTAINS FCC ID number (Module)
FCC ID ______________
CONTAINS __________

16. WHY SGS? WE HELP YOU PROTECT YOUR BRAND.
MAKE SURE YOUR BICYCLES MEET ALL STANDARDS FOR THE UNITED STATES, EUROPE, AUSTRALIA AND JAPAN!
Test reports from SGS accredited labs will be considered as the bicycle’s ‘passport’, providing confidence in the quality, performance and safety of the bicycle.
Benefit from extent SGS resources and expertise. Safety standards can have a huge impact on your business. It is essential that you understand their interpretation.
Guarantee your customers’ satisfaction.
Be proactive and meet markets needs.

17. PRODUCTS COVERED City /Trekking Bicycle Mountain Bicycle
Racing Bicycle
Children’s Bicycle
Electrically Power Assisted Cycle (EPAC)

18. SGS TESTING SERVICES
SGS help you ensure the safety, the quality and the performance of individual parts as well as the bicycle as a whole through:
1. Mechanical/ Physical Tests
Stability, durability, impact and fatigue test
Strength and loading test
Brake heat-resistance test
Vibration test (frame & handle bar)
Energy absorption test (frame & front fork)
Tensile test
Rotational accuracy
Comparative testing
Rigidity, Stability, Construction, Assembly, Endurance, Lifecycle test
2. Specific Tests for electrical compliance for EPAC
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC Directive)
Water/ Dust Proof Test IP
Sub assembly tests and components:
Frame, fork and components, brakes, pedals and pedal/crank drive system, saddles and seat-pillar, chain, chain guard, lighting systems and reflectors, wheels, rims, tyres and tubes…

19. SGS TESTING SERVICES
3. Chemical Tests
Determination of heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Chromium VI) on bicycles and bicycle accessories
Europe (EN 71-3), US CPSIA
California (Proposition 65): Lead, Cadmium. Phthalates
Several Court cases relating to bicycle components and accessories, Bicycle helmets, Bicycle Lock, Aluminum water bottles
in May 2007 the restriction of lead content in PVC ‘Grips’ and ‘Cables’ that are composed of or housed in thermoplastic and that are 1) on the bicycle at the time that is sold to consumers or 2) sold separately as replacement parts for those components.
Morphology analysis
Determination of phthalates on any product made of plasticized material (specific requirements for US, EU and Japanese markets)
Restriction of PAH on any material with oil as ingredient (rubber-made products such as pedals and grips) in the German market

20. SGS RELATED SERVICES
SGS offers a range of added-value services associated with bicycles, including assistance with:
Technical documentation
Warning Advice
Manufacturer’s Instructions
Assembling method and recommendations on general maintenance.
The use category of the bicycle
How to adjust the saddles height to suit the rider with an explanation of insertion-depth warning marks on the sear-pillar and handlebar-stem.
Marking
Inspection
Audit
SGS offers Standards & Regulations Services (SRS): being successful in the bike business in Europe requires detailed knowledge on the European laws and regulations for bicycles and bike products. SGS can assist you to market your products in Europe and worldwide.

21. All bicycle components – Chemical case
Reference:
San Francisco Court Case No. CGC
Applied Product
Bicycles (Bicycles and Tricycles) – Grips and / or brake or Derailleur Cables that are Housed in Thermoplastic
PVC components refer to
a) grips, cables, saddles and handlebar tape that are composed of or housed in thermoplastic that are
i) on bicycles at the time it is being sold to consumers
ii) sold separately as replacement parts for those components or
b) any thermoplastic component of a Bicycle Accessory product

22. All bicycle components – Chemical case
Requirement
For Grips
≤ 300 ppm for grips on bicycles having wheels that measure over 20 inches in diameter
≤ 30 ppm for grips on bicycles having wheels that measure 20 inches or less in diameter
For clothing which is a bicycle accessory product (including bicycle-related protective gear, gloves and shoes)
≤ 300 ppm for the thermoplastic / PVC elements if the clothing item in question is (1) not marketed for use by children 6 years of age or under, and (2) has less than 65% of the surface area of the Surface Contact Area comprised of PVC / thermoplastic
≤ 30 ppm for the thermoplastic / PVC elements if the clothing item in question is (1) marketed for use by children 6 years of age or under, or (2) has 65% or more of the surface area of the Surface Contact Area comprised of PVC / thermoplastic

23. All bicycle components – Chemical case
Requirement (cont.)
≤ 300 ppm for all other PVC components
≤ 600 ppm lead and ≤ 0.48 % (4, 800 ppm) cadmium (Outer surface contact layer of painted components). If a painted component is coated with a clear material intended to be durable, the above-stated standards for lead and cadmium will apply to the clear coating rather than the material underlying it
WARNING: handling this product will expose you to chemicals, including lead, known to the State of California to cause birth defects or other reproductive harm. Wash hands after handling

24. All bicycle components – Chemical case
Non-exclusive list of example of Bicycle Accessory product
Auto rack
Bar tape
Bells/ horns
Bicycle mounted racks
Bicycle storage racks
Bicycle computers
Bicycle mirrors
BMX pads/ pegs
Clothing / shoes
Helmets
Kickstands
Lights
Locks
Pumps
Reflectors
Repair stands
Tools
Trainers
Training handles/ wheels
Water bottle/ cages
Water/ hydro packs

25. Bicycle Helmet – Chemical Case
Ca 65 court case No. CIV for children helmet, phthalates and Lead content(accessible materials)
Sporting products:-
a) Miniature-sized and regular-sized vinyl (or similar synthetic material) containing baseball gloves designed for and reasonably used by children through 12 years of age
b) Other sporting goods including to but not limited to balls, bats, gloves and helmets designed for and reasonably used by children through 12 years of age
Reference
Held vs Easton Sports, Inc., Easton-Bell Sports, Inc. and Does 1 through 150, inclusive,
County of Marin Court Case No.: CIV
Method (lead)
EPA 3050B
Reformulated Products
≤ 1,000 ppm DEHP, DBP or BBP and
≤ 300 ppm lead (accessible materials)

26. Water Bottle FDA/Regulation EC 1935/2004 Leakage Test Drop Test
Handle Strength
Ca 65 court case No. CV for aluminum water bottles only
Aluminum Water Bottles
Reference
CEN vs Dollar Tree
County of Marin
Case No. CV
Method
EPA 3051 or 3050B 
Reformulation
Any product or component part (including but not limited to the paint or other surface coating of the product)
 90 ppm Lead

27. Bicycle Lock Lock Attachment Chain / Cable Strength Corrosion Test
Ca 65 court case No. RG for Anti-Theft Device for bicycle, DEHP content (accessible component)
Steering wheel lock,
Anti-Theft Device for Bicycles
Reference
CAG vs Winner International
County of Alameda
Case No. RG
Reformulated Products
< 0.1% DEHP
Accessible component means any component of a covered product that could be touched by a person during reasonably foreseeable use.

28. Bicycle Basket Loading capacity Strength of Attachment
Resistance to corrosion
Ca 65 court case No. CIV for Basket, Lead content(any accessible component)
Basket
Reference
Brimer v. Gresham, Joseph and Reitan Inc
County of Marin
Case No. CIV
Reformulation
Accessible component
< 100 ppm Lead (EPA 3050B and 6010B), and
< 1.0 μg Lead (NIOSH 9100)
Accessible component means any leather, synthetic leather or poly vinyl chloride (PVC), vinyl or other soft plastic component or material that can be touched by a person during reasonably foreseeable use.

29. Chemical- Total Lead Regulation CPSIA Analytics
CPSC-CH-E1001/1002/1003
Limit
90 mg/kg for coating
100 mg/kg for substrate
Comments
Lead is toxic and found in plastic commonly.
Target material
Coating, plastic, metal

30. Chemical Requirement- Phthalates Content
Regulation
EC 1907/2006 Annex XVII/ CPSIA
Analytics
EN or EN 15777
Limit
EU: sum of BBP, DBP, DEHP ≤ 0.1%；sum of DINP, DONP, DIDP≤ 0.1%
CPSIA: BBP, DBP, DEHP, DINP, DONP, DIDP ≤ 0.1%
Hazardous
Phthalates can migrate from the plastic into body by sucking, licking or chewing. Phthalates can be determined as carcinogenic compounds to disturb the hormone system.
Comments
Though phthalates should not be placed in toys and childcare article which is defined as any product intended to facilitate sleep, relaxation, hygiene, the feeding of children or sucking on the part of children, children still have chance to lick and sucking on the sporting products such as buckles on children helmet. For this reason, phthalate is still a high risk substance for children.

31. Additional EU Chemical Requirement- Azo dye
Regulation
EC 1907/2006 Annex XVII
Limit
30 mg/kg
Analytics
ⅰ) LFGB § 64 BVL B ,EN :2012 natural material（≥95% for example, cotton )
ⅱ) LFGB § 64 BVL B ,EN :2012 Artificial fiber
iii) ISO17234 Genuine Leather
iv) EN ：2012 Mixture form (natural material + artificial fiber (Natural material<95%)
Target material
Leather, fabric, textile

32. Additional EU Chemical Requirement- Cadmium
Regulation
EC 1907/2006 Annex XVII
Limit
100mg/kg
Analytics
EN 1122
Hazardous
Cadmium and its compounds are carcinogenic
Target materials
coating, plastic, polymer, plasticized treatment textile.

33. Additional EU Chemical Requirement- Organotin compounds
Regulation
EC 1907/2006 Annex XVII
Analytics
ISO 17353:2004
Limit
Sum of TBT/ TPhT/ TCyT and TOT should not exceed the limit of 0.1%
DOT and DBT should not exceed the limit of 0.1% respectively.
Target meterial
Coating, textile, plastic
Hazardous
Organotin compounds are suspected to be endocrine disrupters.
Biocides (antibacterials) and or heat stabilizer in plastic.

34. Additional EU Chemical Requirement- Cr (VI)
Regulation
EC 1907/2006 Annex XVII
Analytics
DIN / ISO 17075
Limit
3mg/kg
Hazardous
Hexavalent chromium is classified as a carcinogen and case allergies.
Comments
Cr (VI) is the side product in the tanning process of leather manufacturing industry.
Target material
Leather

35. Thank You!