1. By Andy, Jae, Jay, Suzie, Jee Min
Typhoid Fever
By Andy, Jae, Jay, Suzie, Jee Min

2. Causes
An acute illness associated with fever caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria
Also caused by the Salmonella paratyphi, a related bacterium that usually causes a less severe illness
Bacteria are deposited in water or food by a human carrier and then spread to other people in the area

3. Contracted by the ingestion of the bacteria in contaminated food or water
Bacteria multiplies in the gallbladder, bile ducts, or liver and passes into the bowel
Bacteria is only able to survive for weeks in water or dried sewage
Infection is the most common cause

4. Symptoms
No symptoms - if only a mild exposure; some people become "carriers” of typhoid. 
List of symptoms that may occur:
Fever
Headache
Constipation
Malaise- a condition of general bodily weakness or discomfort, often marking the onset of a disease.
Chills
Sore throat
Myalgia- pain in the muscles
Mild vomiting
Abdominal pain-upper body pain.
Abdominal tenderness- upper body becomes more sensitive
Transient skin rash (rose spots) - usually on abdomen or chest
Abdominal rash- rash on upper body
Chest rash-
Loss of appetite
Nosebleeds
Joint pains
Stepladder temperature - rise in temperature occurring in steps
High fever
Tongue changes
Thirst
Diarrhea
Blood in diarrhea
Slow heartbeat

5. Splenomegaly- enlargement of the spleen.
Enlarged liver
Liver symptoms
Bradycardia- a slow heartbeat rate, usually less than 60 beats per minute.
Delirium- a type of temporary disorder of the mental faculties, as in fevers, disturbances of consciousness, or intoxication, characterized by restlessness, excitement, delusions, hallucinations, etc.
Leukopenia- a decrease in the number of white blood cells in the blood.
Anemia- A lack of red blood cells and vitality
Blood changes
Proteinuria- the presence of abnormally large amounts of protein in the urine.
Constipation
High fever
Headache
Loss of appetite
Fatigue
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea 
Symptoms generally appear one to three weeks after exposure.
The danger of Typhoid Fever does not disappear after the symptoms disappear.

6. Transmission
A person with typhoid fever carries the bacteria in their blood stream and intestinal region
Bacteria may continue to be present in the form of asymptomatic “carriers”, who are people who have recovered from the symptoms of the disease but continue to carry the bacteria in their body
Once the bacteria is consumed, it multiplies and spreads into the bloodstream
Can get typhoid fever if you eat food or drink beverages that have been handled by a person who is shedding “Salmonelle Typhi” / typhoid fever
OR if sewage is contaminated with S.Typhi bacteria, and is transferred in to the water you use for drinking or washing food

7. OR is passed from person to person through poor hygiene, such as incomplete or no hand washing after using the toilet
OR bacteria is passed into the stool of urine of infected patients
OR from people who are carriers of the disease who handles food can be the source of epidemic spread of typhoid
typhoid fever is more common in areas of the world where hand washing is less frequent and water is likely is likely to be contaminated with sewage
most patients who contract typhoid fever have recently returned from travel to another country where typhoid is more common; including Mexico, Peru, Chile, India, and Pakistan

8. Locations Common world wide
Occurs especially more at Asia, Africa, and Latin America
Less serious in industrialized regions
United Sates
Canada
Western Europe
Australia
Japan

9. Prevention Keeping hygiene Carefully preparing food Washing hands
Prevent human feces and/or urine from contacting food/drinking water
Stay away from such environments
Receiving vaccines recommended by the World Health Organization

10. Treatment Antibiotics reduce the probability of death
Drops the probability from 10~30% to 1%

11. Thank you~