2. A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability
Punishments of Treaty of Versailles
High inflation = German “mark” has no value
Failure of Weimar Republic (Gustov Streseman)
People blame them for Treaty of Versailles
Other European nations suffering the same

3. German children play with stacks of money

4. Flag of Weimar Republic

5. US Response Stay out of League of Nations WWI a mistake
Isolationism popular
Insistent of payment of war debts
US relief agencies help out
1924 Dawes Plan fails
Negotiated 1925 Kellogg-Briand Pact

6. Adolph Hitler (early years)
Born April 20, 1889 in Austria
Abusive father, early failures (school, art, etc.)
Finds niche in WWI
After war moves to Munich becomes Nationalist

7. Adolph Hitler

8. Adolph Hitler

9. Review Factors that gave rise to dictators in Europe and Asia 1930s?
- Conditions of Treaty of Versailles
- Economic Crisis “Great Depression”
- Political instability
- Weak League of Nations
- Failure of international agreements
- Social unrest

10. Review Who Rises to Power in each of the following? Russia =
Joseph Stalin
Italy =
Benito Mussolini
Germany =
Adolph Hitler
Japan =
Emperor Horhito & Hideki Tojo
Spain =
Francisco Franco

11. Review Characteristics of Totalitarianism?
- Dictators with total power
- One Party Rule
- Importance of State over Individual (Nationalism)
- State control of most aspects of life (limited freedoms)
- Common enemy created (racism)
- Military conquest and expansionism (to gain approval)
- Scare tactics (to unify and eliminate dissent)

14. Hitler & the Nazi Party
1921 joins the National Socialist German Workers Party
Is outspoken against the Weimar Republic and Treaty of Versailles, popularity grows
1923 leads an attempted coup – crushed an thrown in jail – The “Beer Hall Putsch”

18. Mein Kampf “My Struggle”
Main ideas stated in “Mein Kampf”
States political views
German “Aryan” race superior
Blamed Jews for economic problems and WWI
Attacked USSR (obstacle of expansion)
Lebensraum “German living space”

20. Rudolf Hess typed Mein Kampf

24. Hitler becomes dictator
1924 released from prison – rebuild Socialist party (NAZI party)
excellent speaker, good politician, appealed to peasants, workers, middle class
’28-’32 NAZI’s voted into a lot of seats in Reichstag
Hitler named Chancellor on Jan. 30, 1933 by President Paul von Hindenburg

26. Paul von Hindenburg

28. Hitler uses “shady” politics strengthen party and gain support
Feb 27, ‘33 Suspicious burning of a Reichstag building, blamed on communists
Leads to Enabling Bill which gave Hitler dictatorial powers
Hitler has no intention of following rules of democracy

29. Aug. 2, 1934 Hindenburg dies, Hitler combines the presidency and the chancellor – calls himself “Der Fuhrer”
Birth of 3rd Reich – Hitler takes control of all aspects of govt, outlaws opposition, and censors media
Creates Fascist State (Nazism)
Gestapo (led by Herman Goering) and S.A. (led by Ernst Roehm)
Night of Long Knives – June 30, 1934 (scares people into obedience)

30. Night of Long Knives

32. NAZI Flag “Swastika”

33. A cross with 4 bent arms all at a right angle
From the Sanskrit word, means “Creating a well being”.
Ancient Aryan symbol for the sun

37. Hermann Goering

38. Ernst Roehm & Heinrich Himmler

39. Head of SS Leibstandarte (Body Guards to Hitler) – Josef “Sepp” Dietrich

40. Albert Speer, Nazi minister of Armaments

44. Anti-Semitic Policies
Jew expelled from govt, teaching, medicine, & law
Nuremberg Laws 1935
Took away Jewish citizenship
Banned marriages
Jews must wear “star of David”
Jews re-located to Ghettos

48. Hitler Youth Hitler Youth established “Pimpf”
Anti-Semitic propaganda (Josef Goebbles)

50. Hitler Youth

51. Jews forced to wear Star of David

52. Joseph Goebbels

54. NAZI propaganda

55. Holocaust Begins 1933 Dachau – 1st Concentration Camps
April 1, 1933 Day of “Boycott”
Nov. 7, 1938 “Kristallnacht” (night of broken glass)
SS goes on rampage – 15 hours, over 200 synagogues destroyed, 7,500 stores looted, over 100 Jew killed, more than 30,000 arrested and put in prison camps

59. Kristallnacht

60. Damage of Kristallnacht

61. 5/21 Warm Up What was the significance of June 30th, 1934 to Hitler?
What ultimately was the goal of the first phase of the Holocaust?
What were some ways in which the first phase of the Holocaust was carried out?
What is the greater significance of November 8-9th, 1938?

62. People rally behind Hitler
Promises, economic recovery, territorial expansion, domestic strength
Rebuild military, employs thousands of workers, build housing, highways, sports arenas
‘36 Olympics (world’s eyes on Germany)
By late 30s strength and determination clear
US does not respond, focus is on “New Deal”

63. Hitler & Nazi’s

64. USA Time magazine “Man of the Year” 1939

65. Nuremburg Rallies

68. Turmoil in Italy Same economic & political issues as Germany
Benito Mussolini forms Fascist Party (WWI vets)
Goal: unite Italians using reminders of ancient Rome (nationalism and military sacrifice)
Hated democracy (destroys unity of state)
1922 Mussolini defends capital from communist takeover, becomes Prime Minister
Aggressive foreign policy, invades Ethiopia 1935

69. Benito Mussolini

70. Spanish Civil War
1930’s Francisco Franco & Nationalist Party vs. Republicans
Mussolini and Hitler help Franco
League of Nations helps Republicans
USA Neutral (military not important 15th largest, de-militarization)
Ends in 1939 Franco wins
Rome-Berlin Axis forms

71. Francisco Franco

72. Rome-Berlin Axis

76. Heidki Tojo

79. Militarism in Japan
Tojo supported by Germany and Italy = Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis is formed
July 7th, 1937 full blown war with China (Beginning WWII in Asia)
US response = FDR’s “Quarantine Speech” 1937

81. TOTALITARIAN DICTATORS
Joseph Stalin
1921/Soviet Union Communism
Spread Communism throughout the world
Stalin maneuvered himself into becoming the leader of the Soviet Union.
The Russian Revolution was led by the people to overthrow a monarch but when the new ruling class took over, there were no protections of people’s rights…… “NO BILL OF RIGHTS”
Communism and fascism are similar in their ideologies
dictators

82. Stalin’s Economic Plans Stalin’s Reign of Terror
Stalin’s Soviet Union
Stalin’s Economic Plans
Stalin’s state takeover of farmland resulted in a dramatic fall in agricultural production as well as mass starvation.
Stalin poured money and labor into industrialization rather than basic necessities such as housing and clothing.
Due to Stalin’s policies, the Soviet Union soon became a modern industrial power, although one with a low standard of living.
Stalin’s Reign of Terror
To eliminate opposition, Stalin began a series of purges, the removal of enemies and undesirable individuals from positions of power.
Stalin’s purges extended to all levels of society. Millions were either executed or sent to forced labor camps.
Nearly all of those purged by Stalin were innocent. However, these purges successfully eliminated all threats to Stalin’s power.

83. Rise of Stalin Communist Party Collectivization of USSR
Eliminate private enterprise and property
5 Year Plans (to modernize)
Police state – purges – totalitarian government

84. Joseph Stalin