1. Ch 19 sec 3 At the close of 1862 the war was still pretty much in doubt. Despite the fall of New Orleans, and Shiloh, the Union blockade wasn't as effective as originally planned, and Confederate victories at Bull Run again and the 7 Days Battle proved the fighting spirit of the Rebels should not be taken lightly. At the close of 1862 the war was still pretty much in doubt. Despite the fall of New Orleans, and Shiloh, the Union blockade wasn't as effective as originally planned, and Confederate victories at Bull Run again and the 7 Days Battle proved the fighting spirit of the Rebels should not be taken lightly.

2. Ch 19 sec 3 I. Lee's 1st Invasion North Victory in the North would force Lincoln to talk peace with the Confederacy Victory in the North would force Lincoln to talk peace with the Confederacy Give Northern Virginia a rest from the war, and let hungry Rebel soldiers eat Northern food for a change Give Northern Virginia a rest from the war, and let hungry Rebel soldiers eat Northern food for a change A victory in the North might help gain support from England and France A victory in the North might help gain support from England and France Both England and France were desperate for Southern Cotton to help their economies which was hurting due to the Union blockade Both England and France were desperate for Southern Cotton to help their economies which was hurting due to the Union blockade

3. Ch 19 sec 3 II. Antietam September 17, 1862 near Sharpsburg, Maryland September 17, 1862 near Sharpsburg, Maryland Bloodiest single day of the war; 23,000 dead or wounded. Lee lost one-third of his fighting force and had to retreat. Bloodiest single day of the war; 23,000 dead or wounded. Lee lost one-third of his fighting force and had to retreat. McClellan had a chance to follow Lee and defeat him, but failed to do so. McClellan had a chance to follow Lee and defeat him, but failed to do so. Antietam was a crucial victory for the following reasons Antietam was a crucial victory for the following reasons Forced Lee to rethink his Northern campaign Forced Lee to rethink his Northern campaign England and France will not support the Confederacy England and France will not support the Confederacy Lincoln can issue the emancipation proclamation Lincoln can issue the emancipation proclamation African Americans will join Union armies African Americans will join Union armies War is now for Freedom as well as preservation War is now for Freedom as well as preservation

4. Ch 19 sec 3 III. Emancipation Proclamation Freed Slaves in rebellious states (Confederacy), but not in loyal or free states. Freed Slaves in rebellious states (Confederacy), but not in loyal or free states. Political move to help weaken the southern economy, but not provoke other states to leave Political move to help weaken the southern economy, but not provoke other states to leave Allowed black soldiers to join armies. The 54th Mass. Gained fame for its charge on Fort Wagner Allowed black soldiers to join armies. The 54th Mass. Gained fame for its charge on Fort Wagner Over 200,000 slaves will join the Union and fight for their freedom Over 200,000 slaves will join the Union and fight for their freedom

5. Ch 19 sec 3 IV. The road to Gettysburg In the summer of 1863 Lee made one more attempt to invade the north, this time through Penn. In the summer of 1863 Lee made one more attempt to invade the north, this time through Penn. Two goals this time: Food and supplies for his men, and force a peace settlement with Lincoln Two goals this time: Food and supplies for his men, and force a peace settlement with Lincoln This was a desperation move more than anything. The blockade was beginning to work. And the southern economy was in bad shape This was a desperation move more than anything. The blockade was beginning to work. And the southern economy was in bad shape In the North the war was becoming less and less popular. Congress declared a draft. As a result deadly riots broke out in New York City. In the North the war was becoming less and less popular. Congress declared a draft. As a result deadly riots broke out in New York City. A successful invasion would encourage Copperheads, northern Democrats who wanted peace, support and end the war A successful invasion would encourage Copperheads, northern Democrats who wanted peace, support and end the war