1. Latin
LATIN
LATIN
LATIN
LATIN
LATIN

2. The present tense of porto meaning I carry -
All the grammatical terms so far discussed apply to Latin as well as they do to English.
The present tense of porto meaning I carry -
Number Singular Plural
1st porto – I carry portamus – we carry
2nd portas – you carry portatis – you carry
3rd portat – he, she it carries portant – they carry
Note that the English pronouns – I, you, he etc do not appear in the Latin as separate words. Instead they are contained in the ending of the verb. So the ending o means I; as – you (singular); at – he, she, it etc. The port part of the verb (the stem) is the bit that means carry.

3. CONJUGATIONS Other 1st conjugation verbs include - Servo – I save
Latin verbs are arranged into different groups according to the endings they use. These groups are called conjugations, and there are five conjugations.
Porto is a first conjugation verb. All first conjugation verbs use the same endings as each other – so they all use the endings – o (I), as (you s), at (he, she or it), amus (we), atis (you pl) and ant (they) – when forming the present tense.
Other 1st conjugation verbs include -
Servo – I save
Neco – I kill
Paro – I prepare
Ambulo – I walk
Oppugno – I attack
Amo – I love

4. Analysis of Verbs Portant = 3rd person plural = They carry Necas =
2nd person singular =
You (s) kill
Ambulamus =
1st person plural =
We walk
Parat =
3rd person singular =
He, she or it prepares
Servatis =
2nd person plural =
You (pl) save
Oppugno =
1st person singular =
I attack
Amant =
3rd person plural =
They love, like

5. Nouns
Like verbs, Latin nouns also have endings. These endings indicate the number (singular / plural) of the noun, and also the role that the noun plays in the sentence – i.e. whether the noun is the subject or the object of the sentence.
Again like the verbs, Latin nouns belong to different groups. These groups are called declensions. A noun will use particular endings according to the declension it belongs to.
There are five declensions. However, for the sake of simplicity only the first two declensions will be looked at here.

6. The First Declension
First declension nouns such as puella, meaning girl, use the following endings –
puella
The a ending is used when the noun is singular and the subject of the sentence
puellam
The ending am is used when the noun is singular and the object of the sentence.
puellae
The ending ae is used when the noun is plural and the subject of the sentence.
puellas
The ending as is used when the noun is plural and the object of the sentence.

7. The Second Declension
Second declension nouns such as servus, meaning slave, use the following endings.
servus
The ending us is used when the noun is singular and the subject of the sentence.
servum
The ending um is used when the noun is singular and the object of the sentence.
servi
The ending i is used when the noun is plural and the subject of the sentence.
servos
The ending os is used when the noun is plural and the object of the sentence.

8. Cases
When a noun is carrying out a particular function in a sentence, such as being the subject or the object, it will be in one of a number of cases.
When a noun is the subject it will in what is called the nominative case. When the noun is the object it will be in the accusative case.
Therefore a, us, ae and i are nominative case endings.
And am, um, as and os are accusative case endings.