1. OBJ: TO DETERMINE HOW MEDIEVAL RULERS CREATED STABLE LANDS BY IDENTIFYING CHANGES IN POLITICS AND ECONOMICS BY NEW LEADERS. POLITICAL REVIVAL IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES

2. KINGDOM OF ENGLAND UNDER CANUTE

3. THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLAND AS A UNIFIED LAND ALFRED THE GREAT 878 EXTENDS ROYAL RULE & LAW ROLE OF SHIRES 1013 VIKING INVASION & KING CANUTE 1016-1035 ENGLAND CENTER OF HIS EMPIRE & USES ASSIMILATION & RECONCILIATION KING EDWARD 1042-1066 STEP- SON OF CANUTE HEIRLESS SO WHO SUCCEEDS? Harold Godwinson crowned by Eng. Nobles 1022-66, King Harald III of Norway grandson of Canute (1045-66r) or Wm. Of Normandy, son of Edwards cousin & descendant of 1 st settlers of Normandy

4. WILLIAM OF NORMANDY MAJOR PLAYER IN NORMANDY UNITED HIS VASSALS READY TO CLAIM RIGHTFUL TITLE OF KING OF ENGLAND INVADES ENGLAND 1066 HAROLD & HARALD EXHAUSTED FROM FIGHTING VICTORIOUS & BECOMES KING OF ENGLAND SETS OUT TO UNIFY LANDS, VASSALS, POPULACE

6. TRANSFORMING ENGLAND INTO A UNIFIED MONARCHY LIMITED POWER OF VASSALS & CLERGY PRESERVED SHIRES BUT REPLACED WITH NORMANS RETAINED WRIT, ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER WRITTEN IN VERNACULAR INTRODUCED NORMAN INQUEST RESULTING IN THE DOMESDAY BOOK 1085-1086 POPULATION, WHO HELD WHAT LAND, DISPUTES B/W VASSALS A CENSUS OF EVERYTHING

7. FINANCES: THERES NEVER ENOUGH MONEY EXPANSION COSTS $$$ HENRY I (1100-1135) OFFICE OF THE EX- CHEQUER 1 ST INSTITU- TION OF GOVT BUREAU- CRACY- MONEY MANAGER MANY REVENUE SOURCES Taxes by peasants on estate Danegeld – tribute to Danes Dona- annual gift from church Fines, payments as lord to vassals

8. SLOW UNIFICATION OF THE WESTERN FRANKISH KINGDOM LOUIS VI & ILE DE FRANCE

9. MAINTAINING UNITY & STRENGTH CAPETIANS REPLACE CAROLINGIANS 987: HUGH CAPET SUCCESSION SOLVED GOAL: INCREASE SIZE OF ROYAL DOMAIN W/ ILE DE FRANCE AS NUCLEUS MANY INDEPENDENT PROVINCES THAT DIFFERED GREATLY LOUIS VI 1108-1137 KING OF ST. DENIS

10. UNIFICATION UNDER PHILIP II r.1180-1123 Grandson of Louis VI AUGUSTUS DUE TO AMOUNT OF LAND ADDED TO KINGDOM NORMANDY – KING JOHN OF ENGLAND (r.1199-1216) VASSAL TO PHILIP & DERELICT IN RESPON- SIBILITIES ALL OF NORTHERN FRANCE CREATED METHOD OF COMMUNICATION B/W CENTRAL & LOCAL GOVT USING BAILLIS (N) & SENESCHALS (S) RESPONSIBLE TO THE KING AGENTS NOT FROM PROVINCE OF ORIGIN ROYAL INTERSTES SUPERSEDED LOCAL ONES – FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF FRENCH GOVT PROVINCES RETAINED OWN LAWS & INSTITUTIONS

11. FINANCES: THERES NEVER ENOUGH MONEY INCOME FROM ROYAL ESTATES IN THE ILE DE FRANCE AGENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR TAX & FINE COLLECTION HOST TALLAGE UNDER LOUIS IX (1226-1270) MILITARY OBLIGATION TURNED INTO CASH PYMT JEWS OVERTAXED CHURCH RESPONSIBLE FOR SOCIAL SERVICES PEOPLE BELIEVED FRENCH KINGS SHOULD LIVE OFF INCOME OF OWN LAND TAX=WAR & SO SLOW TO DEVELOP BUREAU OF FINANCE