1. TIME MANAGEMENT 641 Topic 03 Activity Sequencing

2. Assemble project scope, historical data, WBS and identify constraints & assumptions; Create an Activity List, document supporting detail and update WBS; SUMMARY TO DATE

3. TIME MANAGEMENT PROCESS Definition of activities; Sequencing of activities; Estimating duration of activities; Schedule development; Monitor and control of schedule;

4. 2. - ACTIVTY SEQUENCING Armed with the Activity Definitions we can move onto the Activity Sequencing Phase of the process: Step 2 - Activity Sequencing Identifies and documents activities dependencies upon each other.

5. Activity Sequencing performed on paper or computer software; purpose is logical planning only; an understanding is achieved through a manual process - remember the software is only a tool; manual process is useful where little detail exists or for small projects;

6. Activity Sequencing - Inputs EXERCISE No. 3 Activity Sequencing is step 2 in the process of Time Management and again requires certain inputs and outputs. Attempt to identify those Inputs are.

7. Activity Sequencing - Inputs Activity List; Constraints & Assumptions; Product Description; Mandatory Dependencies; Discretionary Dependencies; External Dependencies;

8. Activity List: This is the activity list is derived from the first phase of the process. Constraints & Assumptions: These are the Constraints & Assumptions derived from the first phase of the process. Activity Sequencing - Inputs

9. Product Description: documents characteristics of the project; in construction this is normally contained within drawings, specifications and related documentation; project characteristics determine the actions e.g layout of a gold mine; effects may be apparent through activity list but should be confirmed at this point for accuracy; Activity Sequencing - Inputs

10. Dependencies: a dependency is reliance by one activity on another: activities or parts of activities cannot be done until another activity or part of activity is done; requires asking which activities depend on others for completion? in a dependency the first activity is a predecessor followed by a successor; Activity Sequencing - Inputs

11. Mandatory Dependencies: a Mandatory Dependency is one inherent to the construction method or sequence; they usually involve physical limitations - eg brick wall cannot be started until footings are placed and cured; mandatory dependencies are referred to as Hard Logic; Activity Sequencing - Inputs

12. Discretionary Dependencies: referred to as Soft Logic; these dependencies are defined by the team; must be documented - no rules to govern them; must be used carefully - may restrict you later; are usually based on project managers discretion based on Best Practices or available alternatives; Activity Sequencing - Inputs

13. External Dependencies: are factors outside the project that affect activity sequencing of activities e.g. outcome of Environmental Impact Studies prior to project commencing; Activity Sequencing - Inputs

14. The logic of a dependency occurs in 1 of 4 ways: 1Finish to Start - predecessor must finish before successor can start e.g. place reinforcement before concrete pour; 2Start to Start - predecessor must start before successor can start e.g. site clearance before topsoil removal;

15. Activity Sequencing - Inputs 3Finish to Finish - predecessor must finish before successor finishes, similar to Start - Start eg site clearance must finish before topsoil removal can finish; 4Start to Finish - predecessor must start before successor finishes eg electrical cable installation must start before a pump installation can be finished;

16. Activity Sequencing - Inputs finish-to-start is most common type of logic; start-to-finish rarely used, only by professional scheduling engineers; start-to-start, finish-to-finish, or start-to-finish relationships with project management software can produce unexpected results since they are not consistently implemented.

17. Activity Sequencing - Inputs LAG: Lag is an appreciation of activity relationships; Site Clearance & Topsoil with a Start - Start dependency is typical; lags are similar to discretionary dependencies; they are subjective and must be fully documented and substantiated;

18. Activity Sequencing - Tools We have now identified our activities through the WBS and Activity Definition Process: We should now be able to determine their relationship and use a diagramming tool to display them.

19. Activity Sequencing - Tools EXERCISE No. 4 The noise wall activities were identified through the WBS and Activity Definition Process: We should now be able to determine their logical relationship and use a diagramming tool to display them. Nominate, for each activity, what its predecessor is.

20. 1.01Contract Award 2.01Site Preparation 2.02Excavate Footings 3.01Order/Deliver Bricks 3.02Order/Deliver Concrete 4.01Pour footings (S/C) 4.02Concrete curing 4.03Erect walls 4.04Hang gate 5.01Practical Completion Activity List Predecessor - 1.01 2.01 1.01 2.02 & 3.02 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04

21. Diagrammatic Representation There are two principal ways of showing this information: Network Diagrams; Bar Gantt Charts; Gantt charts are part of Schedule Development.

22. Statistical Programming Techniques: for use in sophisticated programming situations only; known as PERT and GERT; Program (Graphical) Evaluation & Review Techniques; rely on probability analysis of activity durations and likelihood of achieving them; Diagrammatic Representation

23. Network Diagrams; organisation of activities and relationships in a diagrammatic form; highlights important relationships; allows analysis and review; is most common form in software packages; known as activity on node; Diagrammatic Representation

24. Network Diagrams; Diagrammatic Representation Repair Walls Buy Paint & Grout Sand & Clean Remove Grout Paint Walls Regrout Install Fittings

25. EXERCISE No. 5 Prepare a Network Diagram (activity on node) for the brick security wall as per the actvity list developed. Diagrammatic Representation

26. Security Wall Network Diagram Diagrammatic Representation Award Site Prep Order Concrete Excavate Order Bricks Pour Concrete Erect Walls Hang Gate Curing PC

27. Diagrammatic Representation network diagrams show paths & dependence of activities; demonstrates how delay in one affects a successor; ultimately after further development it helps define the CRITICAL PATH; this is the path of activities that take the longest time to complete;

28. this is the path where a delay in an activity will delay the project by the same amount; it also shows the path where time can be saved because acceleration of those activities will lead to earlier completion; the network diagram is consequently an important communication tool for discussion with project participants. Diagrammatic Representation

29. Our outputs for the Activity Sequencing step are: Network Diagram Updated Activity List Activity Sequencing - Outputs

30. Network Diagram: schematic display of project activities and relationships; produced manually or by computer; maybe detailed by summary or detail activities; provide a narrative summary to accompany diagram; is NOT a PERT or GERT; Activity Sequencing - Outputs

31. Updated Activity List: similar to WBS update during Activity Definition; sequencing phase identifies activities not previously listed or detailed; list is updated to accommodate new or redefined activities; Activity Sequencing - Outputs

32. Assemble project scope, historical data, WBS and identify constraints & assumptions; Create an Activity List, document supporting detail and update WBS; Identify logic and relationships between activities to develop into a network diagram; Evaluate & analyse network - refine where possible; SUMMARY TO DATE

33. TIME MANAGEMENT PROCESS Definition of activities; Sequencing of activities; Estimating duration of activities; Schedule development; Monitor and control of schedule;