1. Health and the Human Body Anatomy & Physiology 2015

2. What is Health?  Health is “a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease” (World Health Organization)  When you are “healthy”, your body is in homeostasis (balanced conditions).  Healthcare is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental and physical disease, illness, and injury.

3. Why learn about health in human anatomy & physiology class?  Learning about the body naturally lends to wondering what happens when things go wrong.  Throughout the year, we will focus on understanding many diseases related to each body system.  We will also focus on disease prevention by learning about how to maintain a healthy diet and exercise.

4. Factors that Affect Health  Many things can affect your health.  Disease  Injury  Genetics  Environment  Nutrition  Exercise

5. Diseases  Disease: Any condition that impairs normal body function (ie. It disrupts homeostasis)  Categories of Disease  1. Infectious Disease: contagious diseases caused by pathogens (ex. Bacteria, viruses, etc.)  Ex: Flu, Pneumonia, Chicken Pox  Sexually-Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are contracted from sexual contact

6. Diseases  2. Non-infectious Diseases: non- contagious that are often chronic (long- lasting) and may progress slowly  Types of Non-infectious disease:  a) Autoimmune Disease: your own immune system attacks your body  Ex: Allergies, Type I Diabetes, Lupus, Rheumatoid arthritis  b) Cardiovascular Disease  Ex: heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure

7. Diseases  c) Organ or Organ System Diseases  Ex: Kidney disease, Osteoporosis, Diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease  d) Cancer: caused by a mutation in DNA of a cell that results in uncontrolled growth forming a tumor  Benign tumors aren’t cancerous  Malignant tumors are cancerous  Metastasis occurs when cancerous cells break off from the tumor and spread to other parts of the body.  Cancer can occur in different parts of the body, but some types are more common than others.

8. How Cancer Starts

9. Injury  An injury is damage to the body due to trauma (external physical means).  Ex: breaking a bone, cuts, scrapes, burns, puncture wounds  Injuries can range from minor to severe.  Injuries can be external or internal.

10. Genetics & Environment  Genetic Disorders can also disrupt homeostasis because of unfavorable mutations that are inherited.  Ex: Sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis  Environmental Factors (things outside your body) may also cause or contribute to disease.  Ex: Pollution and asthma, Smoking and lung cancer

11. Nutrition  Your diet is what you eat. Ideally, your diet provides you with nutrients needed for growth, maintenance, and overall health.  Some foods can actually cause diseases to develop when consumed over long periods of time.  High sugar intake puts you at risk for obesity & Type 2 Diabetes.  High salt intake puts you at risk for high blood pressure.  High fat and cholesterol intake puts you at risk for cardiovascular disease.

12. Exercise  Physical Exercise enhances and maintains physical fitness and overall health by:  Strengthening muscles & the cardiovascular system  Boosting immune system  Preventing depression and stress  Maintaining a healthy weight  USE IT OR LOSE IT! is totally true when it comes to your muscles’ strength