1. Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

2. Training Objectives The need for JSAs Benefits of JSAs Information necessary to complete JSAs Tools to properly complete JSAs

3. What Is Job Safety Analysis? Method to break a job task into separate and distinct steps Evaluate the hazards associated with each step Determine the appropriate controls needed to control each of the identified hazards

4. Benefits of Job Safety Analysis Identifies unsafe work practices before an accident occurs Decreases injury rates Increases quality Increases productivity Good way to proactively measure safety performance

5. Uses Of Job Safety Analyses Evaluate existing jobs Set up new jobs Training and re-training tool Prioritize jobs needing re-design Ties in closely with other job analyses (quality & productivity studies) Reference in accident investigations

6. No or Inadequate JSA Audits (1) frequently find JSAs incomplete, Companies do not understand or address major hazards, Competency in risk and hazard assessment often lacking and inconsistent. Reasons offered during audits –lack of time, –lack of staff, –lack of supervisor oversight or support, –lack of corporate standards of JSA performance. (1) (EHS,Inc. 2012)

7. JSA Terminology Job Task - change a light bulb Job Step - climb ladder Hazard - defects on ladder Exposure - injury from ladder fall Control - inspect ladders before use and remove from service if defective Accident / Incident - fall with or without injury

8. One Process - Three Goals PRODUCTIVITY SAFETY QUALITY = PROFITS PROCESS

9. Starting the JSA Process Start by looking at history Accident history Employee complaints Jobs with close calls Potential Jobs with serious injuries What else?

10. Starting the JSA Process Review each source of information to prioritize job tasks posing the highest risk(s). –Over time, the exposure from job tasks being studied should continually decrease. Assess other factors such as new accidents, equipment changes, and process re-design. Job Safety Analysis is a continual improvement process.

11. Involve Employees Discuss what you are going to do and why Explain that you are studying the task, not employee performance Involve the employees in the entire process

12. Tips for an Effective JSA Evaluate all aspects of the job task, even if performed infrequently Observe more than one employee doing a specific job task Observe more than one shift Take enough time observing the job Observe a worker actually doing - not just describing – the job

13. Video – Doing A JSA Watch the video explaining how to approach a JSA Doing a JSA

14. CASE STUDY Boxed Paper Handling

15. Boxed Paper Handling – Step 1 Boxes received from delivery. Hazards Identified –Back Injury; –Muscle strain/sprain Control: Request delivery person to place boxes close to their intended storage location. If moving full boxes is necessary, use dolly/cart.

16. Boxed Paper Handling – Step 2 Lifting boxes Hazards Identified –Back Injury; –Muscle strain/sprain Control: Remove at least 4 reams of paper (reduces weight to 32 lbs.)(each ream of paper weights approx. 5 lbs.) Use proper lifting techniques

17. Boxed Paper Handling – Step 3 Cutting boxes open. Hazards Identified – Lacerations Control: Use properly guarded tools and safe cutting techniques (i.e., scissors or retractable utility knife)

18. Boxed Paper Handling – Step 4 Place reams on shelf. Hazards Identified –Back Injury; –Muscle strain/sprain Control: Place box to minimize twisting, bending and other hazardous movement as much as possible. Use proper lifting techniques

19. Boxed Paper Handling – Step 5 Storing boxes Hazards Identified –Back Injury; –Muscle strain/sprain (full boxes weigh 52 lbs.) Control: Store boxes with at least 4 reams of paper removed.

20. Video – Metal Parts Deburring Watch this video to see how metal deburring is done. Metal Parts Deburring

21. Sample Exercise: Parts Deburring Define the job task to be studied Observe task and break into major steps Record results Let’s dissect this JSA from a company What is missing?

22. Job Hazard Analysis Exercise Break the job task into steps.

23. Instructions For Conducting A Job Hazard Analysis Identify the hazards of each step. For each hazard, ask: What can go wrong? What are the consequences? How could it happen? What are other contributing factors? How likely is it that the hazard will occur?

24. Job Hazard Analysis Exercise

25. Instructions For Conducting A Job Hazard Analysis Eliminate or Reduce Hazards with Protective Measures The hierarchy of controls: Elimination Substitution Engineering controls Administrative controls Personal protective equipment

26. Job Hazard Analysis Exercise Are these the best and most explicit protective measures?

27. Changing Fluorescent Lamps Use this or any other task you choose for the JSA

28. Exercise Identify each major step of the job task List the hazard(s) to each major step Determine the control(s) that would prevent an accident for each hazard identified Break into groups List steps, hazards, control for changing a light bulb* * Assume the light is 12 feet overhead and the ground is level. The fixture holds two fluorescent bulbs and both are burned out and must be changed.

29. Fatal – Changing Light Ballast An employee was on an aluminum ladder over twenty five feet from the ground replacing a ballast for a 400 watt mercury light bulb. Power supply was energized – employee contacted energy. The circuit breaker for the lighting fixture was tripped. The employee fell off the ladder. The employee was taken to a hospital where he was pronounced dead.

30. Fatal - Changing A Light Bulb Changing 277/480v light bulbs in the parking lot lamps using an aerial lift. Lamps energized to determine which bulbs needed replacing. The lamps were not de-energized prior to the deceased working on it. The deceased used an uninsulated screw driver. He had trouble removing two stripped screws on light housing. Employee apparently reached into the light housing to replace the light bulb and was electrocuted. The bulb was found broken after the accident. According to the medical examiner's report, the deceased died from cardiac ventricular dysrhythmia due to electrocution. He had an electrical burn on his right palm.

31. Post Job Hazard Analysis What do I do next ? Correct the unsafe conditions and processes.  Train all employees who do the job on the changes  Make sure they understand the changes  Assign additional needed actions/follow-ups

32. Job Safety Analysis - Blank form - Copy for use at the workplace Item Number Work activityHazardRisk controlPersons responsibleCompletion Break the job down into stepsWhat could harm someone? What can be done to make the job safe? Who will make sure the corrective action is done? Date and signoff

33. Summary – JSA 1)Defined Job Safety Analysis (JSA) 2)Benefits and why JSAs are important 3)Select the job to be analyzed 4)Prepare the JSA form 5)Break the job task into steps 6)Identify the hazards 7)Identify the controls 8)Correct unsafe conditions and processes 9)Assign additional needed actions/follow-ups 10)Review JSAs 11)Use JSAs for training and accident investigation