1. The Start of World War I

3. The Four Causes Imperialism Imperialism Nationalism Nationalism Militarism Militarism Alliances Alliances

4. Unification of Germany Germany was a collection of German speaking kingdoms until 1871 Germany was a collection of German speaking kingdoms until 1871 Prussia starts a war with France Prussia starts a war with France France is defeated and at the treaty signing Otto von Bismarck, the chancellor of Prussia, declare that Germany has unified into the country of Germany France is defeated and at the treaty signing Otto von Bismarck, the chancellor of Prussia, declare that Germany has unified into the country of Germany

5. Imperialism  By ends of 1800s very little space left for expansion  German envy of France and Britain b/c of amount of colonial possesisons

6. Militarism result of Prussian humiliation of French and Austria at Koniggratz result of Prussian humiliation of French and Austria at Koniggratz aggressive military build up aggressive military build up - France and Britain update colonial weapons - France and Britain update colonial weapons - German Kriegsmarine – Kaiser Wilhelm’s build up of the German Navy - German Kriegsmarine – Kaiser Wilhelm’s build up of the German Navy - Russia’s great program – Russia’s military modernization over 40 years - Russia’s great program – Russia’s military modernization over 40 years “Once the age of the million man army arrived, so to do a “use them or lose them” mentality.” “Once the age of the million man army arrived, so to do a “use them or lose them” mentality.”

7. Nationalism * First, the great European powers acted in their own interest and wished not lose face on an international stage -Alsace-Lorraine – area of France disputed by Germney for centuries -Alsace-Lorraine – area of France disputed by Germney for centuries Ethnic Identity - Serbs: defeated Turks in 1878, increased national identity but wished for return of Serbs under A.H. control; felt no connection to Austro-Hungarians, Serbs were Slavic not Germanic - Serbs: defeated Turks in 1878, increased national identity but wished for return of Serbs under A.H. control; felt no connection to Austro-Hungarians, Serbs were Slavic not Germanic - Russia only fueled fire by fully supporting Slavic brethren in Serbia. - Russia only fueled fire by fully supporting Slavic brethren in Serbia.

10. Alliances 1891 Franco-Russian Entente after firing of Bismarck: “Germany will only be as strong as its relationship w/ Russia.” 1891 Franco-Russian Entente after firing of Bismarck: “Germany will only be as strong as its relationship w/ Russia.” Kruger telegram and navy race – Germany and Britain decided to look elsewhere for friendship Kruger telegram and navy race – Germany and Britain decided to look elsewhere for friendship Britain and France enter Entente Cordial (1904) Britain and France enter Entente Cordial (1904) Britain and Russia – 1907 Britain and Russia – 1907 On top of existing treaties between Serbia and Russia and Britain and Belgium. On top of existing treaties between Serbia and Russia and Britain and Belgium.

11. Austrian Succession Emperor Franz Joseph Empress Elizabeth of Austria (Sisi) Crown Prince Rudolph The Archduke Franz Ferdinand

12. Franz Ferdinand Hated by the Austrians and non- Austrians alike Hated by the Austrians and non- Austrians alike Famously boorish, ill mannered, and cruel Famously boorish, ill mannered, and cruel Married beneath his social position Married beneath his social position

13. Konopiste (A Monument to the Archduke’s Personality)

14. The Black Hand Ultra-Nationalistic Serbian Organization Ultra-Nationalistic Serbian Organization Wanted all foreign occupiers out of Serb inhabited land (Eastern Bosnia) Wanted all foreign occupiers out of Serb inhabited land (Eastern Bosnia) Will Plot to kill the archduke Will Plot to kill the archduke Gavrilo Princips – The Assassin

15. Assassination of the Archduke “some damn fool from the Balkans” – Bismarck “some damn fool from the Balkans” – Bismarck June 28, St. Vitas day – Anniversary of Battle of Kosovo, essentially Serbian Independence Day June 28, St. Vitas day – Anniversary of Battle of Kosovo, essentially Serbian Independence Day Petiorek – “Go at ease your highness, I accept full responsibility.” Petiorek – “Go at ease your highness, I accept full responsibility.” Two attempts Two attempts - First, 19-year old lobbed a bomb at the car, but the bomb bounced off the canvas roof and blew a hole 6 by 9 - First, 19-year old lobbed a bomb at the car, but the bomb bounced off the canvas roof and blew a hole 6 by 9 - Assassin swallowed a cyanide capsule and then jumped into a rive to drown - Assassin swallowed a cyanide capsule and then jumped into a rive to drown - Second, after a wrong turn Gavirilo Princip approached car and fires two shots: Sophie in the side (died instantly), Archduke severs jugular, he asks Sophie not to die, and then collapsed - Second, after a wrong turn Gavirilo Princip approached car and fires two shots: Sophie in the side (died instantly), Archduke severs jugular, he asks Sophie not to die, and then collapsed

17. Aftermath Austria asks Germany permission to bomb Serbia Austria asks Germany permission to bomb Serbia - “Russia is no way ready for war.” - “Russia is no way ready for war.” July 6, Austria gives ultimatum to Serbia and two weeks to respond. July 6, Austria gives ultimatum to Serbia and two weeks to respond. July 23, Serbia concedes to almost every demand July 23, Serbia concedes to almost every demand July 23 at 11:58 P.M. Russia gives support July 23 at 11:58 P.M. Russia gives support Austria bombs Belgrade Austria bombs Belgrade Russia declares despite an attempt by Kaiser “from Nicky to Willy.” Russia declares despite an attempt by Kaiser “from Nicky to Willy.” France enters and Germany enters France enters and Germany enters Germany invades Belgium, Britain enters Germany invades Belgium, Britain enters

18. The Sides Central Powers Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary Germany Germany Italy (Until 1915) Italy (Until 1915) Ottoman Empire (After 1915) Ottoman Empire (After 1915) Triple Entente UK UK France France Russia Russia Serbia Serbia Italy (After 1915) Italy (After 1915) USA (After 1917) USA (After 1917)

19. A Family Affair Who is the boy? = Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany

20. Queen Victoria of Britain and her royal grandchildren

21. What appears physically wrong with Kaiser Wilhelm? How could this effect his personality?