1. UNIT 3: 1450 – 1750 Ch 17: The Diversity of American Colonies What do you know about the colonization of the America’s? How is this Chapter going to be different than the Chapter 15 Maritime Revolution?

2. European Explorations  Technology such as the caraval, magnetic compass, and astrolabe that the Europeans got from the East in the 15 th century facilitated the entrance of Europe into exploration  1498 Vasco De Gama of Portugal sailed around Africa to India  One expedition blew off course and landed in Brazil  Columbus's rediscovery of the America’s in1492 followed by Ferdinand Magellan circumventing the globe and giving Spain the Philippines

3. 1588 England defeats the Spanish Armada making England the foremost power of the seas1588 England defeats the Spanish Armada making England the foremost power of the seas 1534 France claimed Canada1534 France claimed Canada British explored North America for a “northwest passage” to IndiaBritish explored North America for a “northwest passage” to India The Netherlands removed Portugal as a dominant force in the Indian Ocean

4. The Columbian Exchange  Columbian exchange – crops, livestock and diseases between east and west hemispheres  Tobacco, maize, and potatoes were introduced to Europe, China, and Africa  Cattle, sugarcane, coffee, wheat rice, horses and pigs were brought to the Americans  Smallpox, measles, tuberculosis, and the flu killed 90% of the native population of the America’s

5. Patterns of World Trade  17 th century Europeans established ports in East Asia, Southeast Asia, India, and the West coasts of Africa

6. Spain and Portugal in the America’s  Mid 15 th century Portugal increased exploration of the African coasts  In Spain mid 15 th century Fernando of Aragon and Catherine of Castile married uniting Spain  Reconquista – reconquest of former Spanish territory that had fallen to the Muslims  Expulsion of the Jews from Spain  1 st voyage of Columbus

7. Spanish control of the Caribbean  1495 Columbus’s 2 nd voyage establishes the colony of Santo Domingo  Controlled Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Panama  Introduced European disease to the America’s

8. Conquest of the America’s  Empires of the Inca’s and Aztecs fell to Spain  Hernan Cortez (Spain) was helped in several ways –Indian allies –Legend of Quetzalcoatl – Montezuma II thought Cortez was a god –Better Weapons –Assistance of Malinche (Dona Marie) an Aztec translator –Smallpox

9.  1521 Tenochtitlan was burned to the ground and Mexico City was constructed  Spaniards went on to take Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras  1535 Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca’s  1540 – 1542 Francisco Coronado went North as far as Kansas searching for the “7 Cities of Gold”

10. By the late 16th century Spain had set up 200 cities By the late 16th century Spain had set up 200 cities Spanish galleons carried loads of gold back to Spain Spanish galleons carried loads of gold back to Spain Jesuits spread the Roman Catholic faithJesuits spread the Roman Catholic faith

11. Spanish Government in the America’s  Controlled by the Council of the Indies  Divided into 2 “viceroyalties” –1 in Mexico City –1 in Lima Peru

12. Spanish Economy  Encomienda System – grants from Spain that allowed for the exploitation of natives (slavery)  Father Bartolome de las Casas pushed for the change to the Repartamiento System – allowing for the natives to be paid for their work

13. Economy Cont…  Mita System – 1/7 th of adult males were drafted for forced labor  Portuguese developed slave labor for sugar plantations  Sugar and silver integrated the America colonies into the world trade.

14. Spanish American Society  Peninsulares – colonists born in Europe  Criolles – Born in America of European parents (well educated and financially secure)  Mestizos – Mixed European and Indian  Mulattos – European and African

15. Portugal’s Empire  Colony of Brazil –1 st plantation colony –Pedro Cabral conquered in 1500 –Settled in 1532 –Slaves brought from Africa  Also had colonies in Africa and Asia

16. French and English Colonies  The South – Jamestown Virginia 1 st in 1606. Area was based on plantations and slave trade. Met at the House of Burgesses in Virginia.  New England – Plymouth Rock pilgrims 1620. Massachusetts Bay Colony had elected officials. Depended on fur and forest products.

17. Mid – Atlantic Region – Manhattan colonized by the Dutch and was a main export area. Pennsylvania was an area developed by Quakers and produced grain such as oats. French America – used catholic missionaries to convert natives. Depended on fur trade. Louisiana 1699. Had to give up Canada to the English when they were defeated in 1759

18. AP Chapter 17 Compare and Contrast In-Class Essay Compare and contrast the impacts of the Colonization in Central and South America to its lasting impacts in North America. Complete One Paragraph to share tomorrow in class. The paragraph needs to have: TS, CD, Direct Comparison, and Analysis

19. ESSAY HINT  The Portuguese/Spanish influence in Central and South America  The French/British influence in North America