1. History 171D The United States and the World Since 1945

2. The Korean War and the Anticommunist Witch Hunts

3. Prof. Fredrik Logevall Cornell University Wednesday, April 10, 4 pm McCune Conference Room (HSSB 6020) Embers of War The Fall of an Empire and the Making of America’s Vietnam Extra Credit Opportunity!

6. 1949—US, Britain, France, Canada, Italy, and several other Western European nations formed North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

7. Truman and Marshall

9. Shock #1: The “Loss” of China, 1949 Chiang Kai-shek Three shocks of 1949-1950: Mao Tse-tung

10. Shock #1: The “Loss” of China, 1949 Three shocks of 1949-1950:

11. Secretary of State Dean Acheson

12. Shock #2: Soviet detonation of atom bomb Three shocks of 1949-1950:

13. NSC-68 spring 1950

14. Shock #3: Korean War Three shocks of 1949-1950:

15. Since 1945 Korea had been divided at 38th Parallel; Syngman Rhee (pro-US) in South, Kim Il Sung (pro-Soviet) in North

16. Kim Il-sung Syngman Rhee

17. Approached Mao Tse-tung Spring 1950—Kim Il-sung sought to reunify Korea under his control

18. Approached Mao Tse-tung Spring 1950—Kim Il-sung sought to reunify Korea under his control... and Stalin

19. June 1950—North Korean forces attacked across 38th Parallel

20. Truman’s response:

21. Got UN Security Council to pass resolution authorizing use of force Truman’s response:

22. Got UN Security Council to pass resolution authorizing use of force Launched multi-nation military effort to repel North Korean attack Truman’s response:

23. Got UN Security Council to pass resolution authorizing use of force Launched multi-nation military effort to repel North Korean attack Signed off on NSC-68 Truman’s response:

24. Gen. Douglas MacArthur

26. Summer/Fall 1950—US/UN forces gained initiative and pushed North Korean forces back above 38th Parallel, approaching Chinese border

27. Summer/Fall 1950—MacArthur convinced Truman North Korean regime could and should be destroyed

28. Fall 1950—Chinese forces crossed Yalu River, dealing disastrous defeat to US/UN forces

29. Early 1951— US/UN forces pushed their way back up to 38th Parallel

30. 1951—Truman relieved MacArthur of command, sought truce in war

31. Anti-Truman cartoon, 1951

33. 1952 Presidential Election Dwight D. Eisenhower

34. 1952 Presidential Election Dwight D. Eisenhower Adlai Stevenson

35. Red Scare 1947—House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) investigated “Hollywood Ten”

36. 1947—Truman launched federal loyalty program Executive Order 9835

37. Whittaker Chambers Alger Hiss 1948—HUAC targeted Alger Hiss

38. Richard M. Nixon

40. Senator Joseph McCarthy

41. Not the same! Douglas MacArthurJoseph McCarthy

42. Early 1950—McCarthy accused Truman administration of harboring communists

43. McCarthy Math: 285 State Department Employees Investigated

44. McCarthy Math: 285 State Department Employees Investigated — 79 Terminated

45. McCarthy Math: 285 State Department Employees Investigated — 79 Terminated ______________________________________________________ =205 Communists in State Department

46. McCarthy Math: 285 State Department Employees Investigated — 79 Terminated ______________________________________________________ =205 Communists in State Department

48. 1950—Ethel and Julius Rosenberg accused of spying

49. 1953—Both Rosenbergs executed

50. McCarthy and Eisenhower

51. Marshall and Eisenhower

53. 1954—Army-McCarthy Hearings were televised, causing McCarthy to lose public support

54. 1954—Senate censured McCarthy, effectively ending his career