1. Beginning of the Cold War Review Book: Unit 6, Section 2

2.  Situation after World War II ◦ Allies:  U.S.  Great Britain  France  Soviet Union  China ◦ Axis:  Germany  Italy  Japan

3.  United Nations ◦ General Assembly: all members ◦ Security Council: 15 members  10 rotate  5 permanent: U.S., Britain, France, U.S.S.R. (Russia), China ◦ Universal Declaration of Human Rights  1946  Eleanor Roosevelt

6.  Containment ◦ goal to stop the spread of communism and “contain” it ◦ distrust of Soviet Union & communism ◦ “Iron Curtain” Speech  Winston Churchill – warned of the threat of communist expansion

8. ◦ Truman Doctrine, 1947  aid to Greece & Turkey to resist communism ◦ Marshall Plan, 1947  aid to nations to stop the spread of communism

10.  Division of Germany ◦ 4 zones of occupation: Britain, France, U.S., Soviet Union ◦ Berlin Blockade  Soviets blocked access to West Berlin ◦ Berlin Airlift  Western powers sent supplies by planes  Soviets ended blockade

13.  Containment (continued) ◦ Point Four Program,1950  aid for technical development in Latin America, Asia, & Africa ◦ North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)  collective security agreement  stop communism

14. ◦ Warsaw Pact  Soviet Union & 7 Eastern European nations ◦ European Economic Community (EEC)  Common Market, 1957  ended trade barriers  led to European Union (today)

15.  Containment in Asia ◦ Chinese Communist Revolution, 1949  Civil War 1930s – Mao Zedong vs. Chiang Kai-shek  1949 People’s Republic of China – communist  Taiwan independent

16. ◦ The Korean War  1945 Korea divided at 38 th parallel  North – Communist  South – anti Communist  1950 North Korea invaded South Korea  President Truman sent General MacArthur to stop invasion – conflicts between the 2 men  War ended July 1953 – Korea remained divided

19.  The Cold War at Home ◦ House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) ◦ The Smith Act, 1940 – illegal to promote idea of overthrowing government ◦ Loyalty Review Board, 1947 – security checks on federal employees ◦ Alger Hiss case  Hiss – former advisor to FDR  charged with ties to communism

20.  The Cold War at Home (continued) ◦ McCarthyism  Senator Joseph McCarthy  Made charges against those accused of connections to communism  The Rosenberg Case, 1950  Ethel & Julius Rosenberg  Convicted of spying for Soviet Union  Executed in 1953

22. ◦ McCarthyism (continued)  McCarran Internal Security Act, 1952  limited actions of those seen as threat  McCarran-Walter Act, 1952  restricted immigration from nations under communist influence ◦ McCarthy’s fall  televised accusations  targeted military  lost support